我国土壤放射性碳年龄  

RADIOCARBON AGES OF SOILS IN CHINA

作　　者：刘良梧[1] 茅昂江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》2001年第4期506-513,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：我国地域辽阔 ,土壤类型众多。土壤中不仅含有有机质和腐殖质 ,而且许多土壤中还含有丰富的钙质结核、分散碳酸盐以及贝壳、珊瑚等可供放射性碳断代的良好对象。土壤有机和无机1 4 C年龄研究表明 ,我国大多数土壤是全新世时期的产物。其中又以全新世中期和晚期的土壤占绝对优势。人为土纲中的土壤年龄与六千余年来我国悠久的农业耕种历史密切相关。相比之下 ,只有少数土壤形成于晚更新世晚期。而另一些土壤有数个形成、发育阶段 ,它们的年龄自然亦就跨越不同的地质时期 ,具有多元化的特点。China is a country with a vast territory and a huge variety of soil types. The soils of China contain not only organic matter and humus but also plenty of disperse carbonate, calcareous concretions, or shell and coral etc., which are good objects suitable for radiocarbon dating.\;Quite a number of types soils have been dated, belonging to 12 orders: Histosols, Anthrosols, Spodsols, Vertisols, Aridsols, Halosols, Gleysols, Isohumisols, Ferrisols, as well as Luvisols, Cambisols and Entisols. Authors place emphasis on radiocarbon dates of organic matter and humus composition in chestnut soils (Isohumisols order), calcareous concretions and disperse carbonate in shajiang black soils and swelling clay soils (Vertisols order), and shell coral in the soils in South China Sea Islands (belonging in Isohumisols, Halosols and Entisols respectively).\;Organic and inorganic 14 C dates show that most soils in China are products of Holocene, with those of the late and mid Holocene in dominance. The soil ages of Stagnic and Orthic Anthrosols are closely related to the long agricultural history of China of more than 6 000 years. Comparatively, only a few soils formed at the end of the late Pleistocene. And some soils have several formation and development phases. Therefore, their ages, spanning different geological periods, have polygenetic features.\;

关 键 词：中国 土壤类型 有机^14C断代 无机^14C断代 土壤^14C年龄 土壤年龄 

分 类 号：S151.24[农业科学—土壤学]