栗钙土有机物料的腐解特征及土壤有机质调控  

Decomposition of organic materials in Kastanozems

作　　者：张丽娟[1] 刘树庆[1] 李彦慧[1] 姚金萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2001年第5期201-205,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目(96-004-04-03)资助

摘　　要：采用砂滤管田间模拟方法，对不同有机物料在冀西北高寒半干旱区栗钙土中的转化特点及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：（１）有机物（肥）料在栗钙土中初期前３个月分解较快，矿化碳累积量大，此后逐渐变慢，至腐解２年时所有有机物（肥）料渐趋稳定状态．不同有机物（肥）料的分解速率表现为：猪粪＞羊粪＞牛粪＞马粪＞农家肥（土圈粪）．秸秆类有机物料以小麦秸分解最慢，其它则无明显差异．至腐解２年时所有物（肥）料渐趋稳定状态．（２）栗钙土中有机物（肥）料的腐殖化系数变动在０．２５～０．７２之间，并表现为农家肥＞马粪＞牛粪＞羊粪＞猪粪；小麦秸＞莜麦秸＞披碱草；豆科秸秆十分相近．土壤有机质矿化率在ｌ．１０％～４．５３％范围内，坡梁栗钙土为２．８６～４．５３％，旱滩草甸栗钙土为ｌ．１０～３．７３％．（３）应用土壤有机质平衡定量施肥模式，计算了栗钙土为维持中低产和高产土壤有机质平衡所需的平均临界有机肥年施用量．We studied the decomposition process of organic materials in Kastanozems in the semi - arid region of north- westem Hebei province. All the organic materials added to the soils were decomposed rapidly during the first 3 months, while it was slowdown thereafter. After 2 years the residues of the organic materials became a stable part of the organic matter in the soils. The decomposition rates differed among the organic materials, being in the following order: pig manure > sheep manure> cattle manure > horse manure> farmyard manure, thus the humification rates were in the opposite direc- tion. The decomposition rates of plant materials were also different, the rate of wheat straw being the lowest.

关 键 词：栗钙土 有机物料 腐解特征 有机质调控 土壤 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]