银杏叶枯病发生规律的探讨  

Investigation on Occurring Patterns of Gingko Leaf Blight

作　　者：周志权[1] 黄泽余[1] 廖咏梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西科学院生物研究所,南宁市大岭路2号530003 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《广西科学》2001年第4期316-319,共4页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金 (桂科自 98110 16 );广西科学院科技基金 ( 97-0 2 );广西林业科技基金 (林科字 [1996 ]第 42号 )资助项目

摘　　要：于 1998年～ 2 0 0 0年在桂林市雁山区、灵川县、兴安县、全州县等银杏种植区 ,自始见病斑起 ,用对角线法随机取点 ,每点标定 4株银杏结果树 ,每树确定一个树枝 ,按病情分级标准 ,每月 15日左右观察和统计标定树枝上不同级别的叶片数 ,然后算出树上标定枝叶的病情指数 ,分析银杏叶枯发生规律 ;根据银杏品种、树龄、雌雄株 ,以及施肥状况、坡向、叶面追肥等不同进行调查 ,探讨它们与叶枯病发生的关系。结果是银杏叶枯病在桂北产区 ,始发期在 4月中下旬 ,较明显的 2次发病高峰分别在 6月 15日前和 8月 15日前。银杏的特性 (品种、树龄、雌雄株等 )、果园立地条件 (坡向、土壤状况等 )、栽培措施 (水肥管理、修剪清园等 )都会影响叶枯病的发生 ,但温度和降雨量是决定叶枯病发生和消长的主要因素。培育良种壮苗、选择立地条件良好的地块建园。The investigation of occuring patterns of gingko leaf blight was conducted in gingko orchards of Yanshan of Guilin, Lingshun, Xin'an, Quanzhou in the north of Guangxi in 1998 to 2000.Sampling spots were randomly selected by the diagonal. Four trees were chose for each spot, and one branch of each tree was observed. The diseased leaves were classified and counted to determined the disease index of the selected branch and occurring pattern on the 15th of each month.Gingko leaf blight disease first occurs in the middle and ten days in April in the north of Guangxi. There are two highest disease incidences in one year which happen respectively before June 15th and before August 15th. Many factors influence the incidence of leaf blight disease such as characters of gingko including varieties, tree years, gender, etc., orchard location including slope direction, soil condition etc. and cultivation measures including water and fertilizer management ,pruning and clearing etc. and climatic factors including temperature, rainfall etc.. Among them temperature and rainfall are main factors affecting the leaf blight disease's happening and development. Cultivating improved varieties and fit stocks , choosing favorable orchard location and enhancing management of water and fertilizer are effective ways to control the happening of the disease. Chemicals are necessary to controll the developing of the disease.

关 键 词：银杏 叶枯病 发生规律 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]