非腐解有机物对新修梯(条)田土壤的培肥效果  

Effect of undecomposed Organic Materials on Soil Fertility of Newly-built Terraced Field

作　　者：陈炳东[1] 王生录[1] 周广业 崔云玲[1] 严小龙 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农科院土肥所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]平凉地区农科所,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2001年第6期262-266,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：新修梯田土壤快速培肥及丰产栽培技术示范推广基金项目

摘　　要：在新修梯 (条 )田黑垆土上进行的 2 0年秸秆还田定位试验和黄绵土施用非腐解玉米秸秆盆栽试验结果一致表明 ,秸秆直接施用较腐熟土粪更能显著提高土壤松结合态腐殖质和土壤五碳糖、六碳糖的含量 .连年施用秸秆后 ,松结合态腐殖质达到腐殖质总量的 30 %左右 ,松紧腐殖质比值接近 1∶1 ;土壤中与有机质分解转化密切相关的脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性较施化肥和粪肥显著增加 ;同时秸秆有活化土壤磷素和减缓磷吸附固定的作用 .因此 ,施用非腐解有机物是快速提高梯田土壤有机质 ,加快土壤腐殖质更新 ,增产稳产 ,保证农业持续发展的重要培肥措施之一 .The 20 year-fixed trial of stalk return to the newly-built terraced field in Heilu soils and the pot experiment by using undecomposed corn stalks in Huangmian soil were investigated. Direct application of fresh stalks has more significant effect on the contents of loose C in humus, soil pentose and soil hexose than that of the application of well rotted farmland manure. After application of the stalks, loose C in humus amounts to about 30% of total humus. Also, the ratio of steady C to loose C in humus is near to 1. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizers and manure, the application of the stalks can significantly increase the activity of urease, invert enzyme, hydrogen peroxidaes and multiple-phenol oxidizing enzyme, which are all closely related to the decomposition and transformation of organic matter. On the other hand, application of the stalks has good function not only to activate soil phosphorus but also to reduce phosphorus fixation and adsorption. In conclusion, the application of undecomposed materials can quickly increase the content of organic matter in the soil of the terraced field, fasten accumulation of soil humus and gain high and stable yield.

关 键 词：梯田 土壤培肥 松结合态腐殖质 酶活性 磷素形态 腐解有机物 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]