莫索湾垦区不同土质棉田的土壤水分及群体生理  

Soil Moisture in the Different Qualities and Compositions of Soil and Cotton Colony Physiology in Mosuowan Irrigation Area, Xinjiang

作　　者：李银芳[1] 李盛湖[1] 张丙乾[1] 杨戈[1] 郭永平[1] 邢明亮 杨建武 刘忠元 段瑞萍 李仁键 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆兵团农八师148团,石河子832047

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2001年第4期57-61,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中科院"九五"特别支持项目 (K2 95T -0 7-0 2 ) ;中科院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1-0 8-0 1-0 1)

摘　　要：通过对重壤土和沙壤土两个不同类型的棉田生长状况、植物生理状况和土壤水分状况及土壤温度的研究。结果表明 ,沙壤土的不保水性和高温使土壤很快变干 ,造成棉株蒸腾速率下降 ,气孔阻抗增加 ,气叶温差变小 ,形成热害 ,致使吐絮期提前 ,影响到了生长状况和经济产量。根据土壤质地造成的灌溉效果的差异 ,提出在重壤土地采用“大灌量、长周期” ,沙壤土地采用“小灌量、短周期”因地配水的灌溉制度 。The growth situation and plant physiology of cotten and the moisture content and temperature of both heavy soil and sandy soil are researched in this paper. The results show that the poor water conserving property and high temperature of sandy soil result in a quick dry up of soil, reduction of transpiration, increase of stoma resistance, reduction of air leaf temperature difference, and occurrence of hot disasters. All these make the period of ball opening move up and impact the growth and yield of cotten. According to the different irrigation effects caused by the different qualities and compositions of soil, the irrigation system based on the quality and composition of soil is put forward, which is that the 'high irrigation quota with long interval between two times of irrigation' is suitable for heavy soil and the 'low irrigation quota with short interval between two times of irrigation' is suitable for sandy soil. The irrigation system should be regarded as a management measure for reaping high yield of cotton in north Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 土壤质地 土壤水分 生理特性 灌溉制度 棉田 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]