混配农药施药员的生物监测  

Biological monitoring of sprayers applying mixed pesticides

作　　者：甘文奇[1] 汤晓勇[1] 陈曙旸[1] 陶炳根 文保元 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所职业病与健康监护研究室 [2]江苏省卫生疫站 [3]山东省劳动卫生职业病防治所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2001年第4期281-283,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家科学技术委员会"九五"科技攻关项目 ( 96 90 6 0 4 11)

摘　　要：目的　探讨混配农药中的拟除虫菊酯对有机磷抑制红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)作用的影响。方法　在江苏和山东省随机选择 1周内未接触任何农药的健康施药员作为生物监测对象 ,其中 ,混配农药组 (简称混配组 ) 65人 ,使用甲胺磷与溴氰菊酯 (江苏省 )或甲基对硫磷与氯氰菊酯 (山东省 )混配的农药 ;单一农药组 (简称单一组 ) 67人 ,使用甲胺磷 (江苏省 )或甲基对硫磷 (山东省 )。喷药时间为 2h ,其个人防护等外部条件均与本地平常情况一致。同时在当地乡镇卫生院随机选择未接触农药的健康医务人员 4 2人为对照组。使用硫代乙酰胆碱二硫代双硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB)分光光度法 ,分别测定喷药前、喷药后即刻和喷药后 1h的红细胞AChE活力。结果　喷药后混配组和单一组的红细胞AChE活力均受到抑制 ,与喷药前相比差异有高度显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;红细胞AChE活力的喷药后即刻抑制率和喷药后 1h恢复率 ,混配组均高于单一组 ,但差异均无显著性 (t=- 0 .92 70 ,df =64.1,P =0 .3 5 74 ;t=- 1.3 4 13 ,df=64.3 ,P =0 .184 5 )。结论　本次监测未观察到混配农药中的拟除虫菊酯对有机磷抑制红细胞AChE活力的作用有明显影响。Objective To explore the effect of pyrethroid pesticides in mixed pesticides on the inhibition of organophosphorus pesticides on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase(AChE). Methods 65 sprayers in mixed group applying mixed pesticides consisting of methamidophos and deltamethrin(Jiangsu),or methyl parathion and cypermethrin(Shandong) and 67 sprayers in single group applying single organophosphorus pesticides,methamidophos(Jiangsu) or methyl parathion(Shandong) were randomly selected from sprayers who were healthy and did not contact with any pesticides within 1 week before field monitoring in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces.42 persons in control group were randomly selected from medical personnel in the local town hospitals who were healthy and did not contact with any pesticides.The sprayers' protection measures and other exterior conditions corresponded with the general conditions of local sprayers.The operation time was 2 h.The spectrophotography of thioacetylcholine-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid(DNTB) was applied to measure the activity of erythrocyte AChE in 3 time points,before spray,instant and 1 h after spray. Results The activities of erythrocyte AChE in mixed group and single group were significantly inhibited after spray,compared to those before spray(P<0.01).Both the inhibition rate instantly after spray and the revivification rate 1 h after spray in mixed group seemed greater than those in single group,but with no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion The pyrethroid pesticides in the mixed pesticides did not produce significant effect on the inhibition of organophosphorus pesticides on erythrocyte AChE.

关 键 词：混配农药 生物监测 红细胞AChE 流行病学 农药中毒 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]