阴道毛滴虫粘附大鼠阴道的超微结构与组织化学研究  

Studies on Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhering to Vaginal Mucosa of Rats

作　　者：陈文列[1] 陈金富[2] 钟秀容[1] 唐昌榕 陈晞 林曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学电子显微镜室,福州350004 [2]福建医科大学寄生虫学教研室,福州350004 [3]福州迈新生物技术公司,福州350004 [4]福建测试技术研究所,福州350004

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2001年第5期287-289,F003,共4页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：福建省教委课题 (JB980 0 4)

摘　　要：目的　研究阴道毛滴虫与生殖道上皮的关系 ,探讨虫体的致病机制。　方法　应用透射与扫描电镜技术 ,结合光镜免疫组织化学等技术 ,观察在动物模型中虫体对大鼠阴道粘膜的粘附作用。　结果　虫体为PAS阳性 ,成群虫体粘附于阴道的中上段表面的富含粘多糖棱柱状上皮细胞 ;虫体组织蛋白酶阳性 ,常见释放水解酶破坏上皮细胞膜 ;虫体肌动蛋白阳性 ,显示微丝束在阿米巴样虫体内呈网络状。虫体可呈阿米巴样穿钻于上皮细胞间 ,其微丝状伪足可伸入上皮细胞微绒毛间包绕蚕食微绒毛 ,其指状伪足可插入上皮细胞间包绕局部。少量虫体附着在阴道下段粘膜褶皱间的角化上皮。　结论　虫体嗜好寄生阴道穹窿等处 ,是因表层上皮细胞内富含粘原颗粒 ,表面有较多微绒毛。虫体在粘附后释放水解酶消化并吞噬上皮细胞 ,可直接损伤生殖道寄生部位的上皮 ,且大量摄取粘多糖 ,影响阴道自洁 ,继而引起组织炎症。虫体的细胞骨架、细胞衣、多形性伪足和溶酶体 ,分别在变形、粘附、包绕、吞噬与消化过程中起重要作用。Objective To study interaction between Trichomonas vaginalis and epithelium of genital tract of host as well as the pathogenesis of T vaginalis . Methods Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the adhering process of T vaginalis to vaginal mucosa in rats by transmission and scanning microscopy. Results T vaginalis were shown to be PAS positive and clusters of T vaginalis were found to adhere to columnar epithelium rich in mucopolysaccharide on the surface of vaginal mucosa as viewed in sections of the middle and upper parts of the orgen. T vaginalis was positive for cathepsin. And the membrane of epithelial cells was often damaged by the released hydrolase.The parasite was also positive for actin;the microfilament bundles were arranged in reticular form in ameboid T vaginalis . The latter would penetrate between epithelial cells,and its filiform pseudopodia would invade the interspace of microvilli of the epithelium,to encircle and gradually phagocytize microvilli. Digitiform pseudopodia would insert between epithelial cells and encircle part of them.A few T vaginalis were found to adhere to the keratinized epithelium between mucosal folds as shown in the sections of the lower part of vagina. Conclusion T vaginalis is inclined to parasitise vaginal fornix because the superficial epithelial cells there are rich in mucinogen granules and abundant microvilli exist. After adhering, T vaginalis releases hydrolase to digest and phagocytize epithelium,which may directly damage the epithelium of the genital canal. Moreover, T vaginalis would take in mucopolysaccharide to affect the normal clearance process of vagina,resulting in inflammation of parasitized tissue.The cytoskeleton,cell coat,polymorphism of pseudopodia and lysosome of T vaginalis play an important role in the courses of movement,adhesion, encirclement,phagocytosis and digestion.

关 键 词：阴道毛滴虫 大鼠 阴道 超微结构 免疫组织化学 水解酶 致病机制 

分 类 号：R382.21[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]