苔藓植物的主要次生代谢产物与有害生物防治  

The application of bryophytes in plant prevention

作　　者：汪庆[1] 罗宣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《贵州科学》2001年第4期93-100,共8页Guizhou Science

基　　金：江苏省中国科学院植物研究所基金

摘　　要：苔类的主要次生代谢产物为倍半萜、联苄和二联苄 ,藓类则以黄酮为主。苔类植物中的抗菌、抗真菌活性成分有异戊烯基联苄、地钱素A、网地藻烷型二萜及其衍生物、酚基倍半萜、a -santonin、核子木素A、B及其衍生物、三裂鞭苔醇、DicrnenoneA、DicranenoneB1等。许多苔类中富集的半月苔酸被认为可能完全足以抵御真菌的感染。藓类中常见的双黄酮和聚酚基化合物能够抵御真菌感染和昆虫的摄食。泥炭藓醇是导致泥炭藓类和灰藓类分解较慢的因素之一 ,苯甲酸苄酯类对昆虫和螨类是致命的 ,草酸对植食性昆虫有排斥作用 ,藓类枝条内的 protocatechiuc和五倍子酸对刺蛾科昆虫有拒食作用 ,其它包括绿片酮 pinguisone、囊绒苔醛、桉叶油内酯、大根香叶烷、倍半萜内酯、补身基烷内酯、Gymnocolin。Albicanolaceate对金鱼有明显的拒食作用 ,一系列天然的补身基烷及相关的合成化合物被证明对蚜虫有拒食作用。polygodial被认为是作为昆虫拒食剂最有效的天然产物之一 ,还能够抑制鱼类的摄食。浮苔素A、浮苔素B、半月苔酸、半月苔甲酯、和 5 -羟基半月苔酸有灭螺活性。绝大多数苔藓的粗提物 ,特别是含有芳香性化合物的 ,表现出抑制发芽、根伸长、及胚芽鞘的生长的活性。半月苔酸、isobidyclogermacrenal、指叶苔醛、指叶苔醇?As many plants, bryophytes depend on secondary plant metabolites for protection from mernicious organisms. Most effective secondary compounds fall into one of sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, biflavonoids, bibenzyls, bis-benzyls and fatty acids. The compounds show the antibacterial activity and antifungal acitvity included preny bibenzyls, Marchantin A from Marchantia, some phenolic sesquiterpenoids, three dolebellane diterpenoids from Odontoschisma, a-santonia, tridensenal from Bazzania, and perrottetinal A, B. The concentration of lunularic acid in many liverworts may suffice to prevent fungal attack almost completely. Polyphenolic compounds and biflavonoids of mosses has been suggested cause resistant to fungal infection and deter browsing insects. Plagiochiline A, is very strong antifeedant, the others include pinguisone, sacculatal, eudesmanolides, and gymnocolin. Cuparenolide, cuperanolidol, ricciocapin and lunularic acid showed the molluscicidal activity. And a series of natural compounds from bryophytes has show the plant grow regulatory activity.

关 键 词：苔藓植物 抗菌活性 抗真菌活性 昆虫拒食作用 灭螺活性 植物生长调节 次生代谢产物 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q949.35[生物学—植物学] Q946.8