贵州南部地区禾草云斑病发生危害及防治研究  

The occurrence of Rhynchosporium secalis and its control in south area of Guizhou province

作　　者：周玉峰[1] 唐成斌[1] 韩永芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省草业科学研究所,贵州独山558200

出　　处：《草业学报》2001年第4期47-55,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金资助项目 [(95 ) 30 6 7];已于 1999年 12月获贵州省科学技术进步奖

摘　　要：在贵州南部地区 ,匍茎剪股颖草坪禾草云斑病于 4月下旬始见发生 ,全年病情有 2次高峰期 ,其中 ,第 1次高峰期出现在 5月下旬至 7月上旬 ,第 2次高峰期出现在 9月。病害程度主要与当年 4～ 10月的气温及降水密切相关。在田间调查苇状羊茅禾草云斑病病情的基础上 ,分析了发病率、严重度、病情指数与产量损失率的关系。结果表明 ,病情指数与发病率是影响产量变化的主要因素。 1997～ 1998年用 11种坪用禾草在自然条件下做了对禾草云斑病的抗性鉴定。结果发现 ,结缕草、细叶结缕草及狗牙根都不发病 ,表现免疫 ;高羊茅抗病 ;黑麦草、匍茎剪股颖、剪股颖及草地早熟禾发病都较重 ,表现感病。 7种常用杀菌剂对高羊茅禾草云斑病的室内毒力测定及田间药效试验表明 ,5 0 %多菌灵、6 5 %代森锌和 15 %三唑酮对该病都有较好的预防作用。这 3种药剂田间药效在药后 10天防效均高于 70 % ;在药后 15天 ,防效最好的是 15 %三唑酮。The occurrence of Rhynchosporium secalis of Agrostis stolonifera turf began in last ten days of April in south area of Guizhou province. Two peak stages of the disease occurred in last ten days of May to first ten days of July and in September respectively. Serious degree of the disease closely related to the rain and the atmospheric temperature. Based on field investigation of Rhynchosporium secalis for Festuca arunchinacca Schyeb, the linear relationship of disease incidence, disease severity and damage index was established by the path coefficient analysis. The results indicated that the disease incidence and disease severity were the main factors of effecting index change. The disease resistance of eleven lawn grass varieties to Rhynchosporium secalis under natural environment was studied in 1997～1998. The results showed that disease index number of Zoysia iaponica, Z.lenuifolia and Cynodon dactylon were 0.00, Festuca arundinacea was 14.69, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne and Agrostis stolonifera were 41.25～56.87. Toxigenicity test and field trials of fungicides aiming at Rhynchosporium secalis of Festuca arundinacea were studied. The results indicated that 50% carbendazim, 65% zineb and 15% triadimefon possessed good prevention and protection effect to this disease. The prevention rates of these 3 kinds of fungicides were all up to 70% after applying 10 days, and 15% triadimefon had the best prevention effect after applying 15 days.

关 键 词：云斑病 发生规律 危害损失 防治 贵州 禾本科牧草病害 草坪草病害 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.8[农业科学—植物保护]