红壤丘陵区圆叶决明新品种的适应性研究  

The Research on adaptability of New Chamaecrista spp. in red soil hilly regious

作　　者：文石林[1] 徐明岗[1] 黄平娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426182

出　　处：《草业学报》2001年第4期92-100,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中-澳合作项目 (LWR96 / 178);国家"九五"科技攻关项目 (96 - 0 0 4 - 0 3- 0 3)内容。

摘　　要：评价了来源于不同地区的 35个圆叶决明、3个巨蛇决明、3个眨眼决明和 1个多毛决明 ,指出不同圆叶决明品种之间的干物质产量、开花时期和冠高等差异很大。其中 ,有 2个眨眼决明(ATF2 2 17和ATF2 2 19)在舍饲系统中有较大的潜力 ,它们的种子宿存能力强、产量高、根瘤多且结瘤快。圆叶决明的开花时期、生长情况及冠高与原产地的纬度显著相关 ,原产于近赤道区的品种开花迟、株型高 ,原产于高纬度地区的品种开花早、株型矮。早花品种前期产量高 ,但后期产量较低。早花品种越冬后的种苗密度明显比迟花品种越冬后的大。在建植早、建植快的特性上品种间的差异显著 ,这些特性包括发芽 /出苗、幼苗的干重、茎长和根长及结瘤情况 。Thirty five accessions of Chamaecrista rotundifolia, 3 of C.serpens, 3 of C.nictitans and one of C.pilosa were evaluated for potential for soil stabilisation and forage in the Red Soils Region of southern China. The C.rotundifolia accessions covered the geographic range of the species. There were large differences in dry matter yield, flowering date and canopy height within C.rotundifolia. Only one accessions of C.rotundifolia which origins from Argentina survived over winter, whereas accessions from lower latitudes, including cv. Wynn, failed to persist. For use as cut?and?carry forage, two accessions of C.nictitans(ATF2217, ATF2219) were indentified as having considerable promise. In the trials(which were not harvested during the growing season) they had good ability to re?establish from seed, high yield, and, in some cases, rapid nodulation. Variation in the accessions of C.rotundifolia showed strong relationships between latitude of provenance and flowering date, growth over the growing season, and canopy height. Accessions from equatorial regions were late flowering and tall?growing whereas those from high latitudes were early flowering and less robust. Early?flowering accessions were higher yielding early in the season but comparatively lower yielding late in the season, as compared with late?flowering accessions. Early?flowering accessions had higher seedling densities after winter than late flowering accessions. There was statistically significant variation in a range of attributes potentially associated with early and rapid establishment and accessions were identified which were, in some trials, superior to cv. Wynn. Attributes included germination/emergence, stem and root length of seedlings and seedling dry weight, and nodulation. It is necessary to select different accessions according to different aims of utilization.

关 键 词：圆叶决明 农学特性 筛选 红壤丘陵区 适应性 品种 

分 类 号：S542.9[农业科学—作物学]