急诊病人初步分析  

The characteristics of patients coming to the emergency department

作　　者：孙湛[1] 童朝阳[1] 李颖川[1] 孙可可[1] 李炜[1] 徐云洁[1] 闵珉[1] 施东伟[1] 姚晨玲[1] 杨小亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属中山医院,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2001年第11期544-546,共3页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的 ]　对中山医院急诊病人的情况进行初步分析与探讨。　 [方法 ]　回顾性地抽样调查 2 0 0 0年 1、4、7、10月 4个月中急诊的 19992例患者 ,依据年龄、性别、来院就诊时间、主诉或体征类别等进行分析研究。　 [结果 ]　全部就诊病人中男女之比为 1.0 2∶1,平均年龄为 (45 .88± 19.0 4)岁 ,以 10岁为一年龄段 ,40～ 49岁年龄段就诊人数最多 ,占总就诊人数的 2 2 .0 % ,一天 2 4小时内就诊人数以上午 8～ 11时和下午 6～ 8时为多 ,分别占全天就诊人数的18.7%和 2 3.4% ;就诊常见的症状或体征为发热、外伤及腹胀腹痛 ,分别占就诊总数的 2 3.5 %、18.4%、15 .8% ;消化道出血在 6 0～ 6 9岁和 90～ 99岁年龄段相对其他年龄段较多 ,分别占该年龄段就诊人数的 3.6 %和 3.4% ;咳嗽咳痰咯血呼吸困难在 6 0岁以上组相对比例较高 ,而且 1月份就诊人数相对较多 ,占当月就诊人数的 8.5 % ;5 9岁以上患者意识障碍比例是 6 0岁以下患者的 2 .4倍 ,以 80～ 89岁段最高 ,达 10 .9% ;外伤在 2 0～ 5 0岁多见。　 [结论 ]　通过对急诊病人情况的分析 ,可以指导我们合理分配及培养急诊医师并发展全方位的紧急医疗救护制度 。To explore the characteristics of patients coming to the emergency department of Zhongshan hospital. Retrospectively collect data of all the patients coming to the emergency room in January,April,July and October of the year 2000.There were totally 19,992 patients.Analysis was done according to their age,gender ,the time of arrival to the emergency room,chief complaints or signs. The average age of all the patients was 45.88±19.04 years old and the ratio of male to female was 1.02 to 1. For every ten years of age group,those aged 40～49 was the top amounted to 22.0% of the total.By time period 8～10 AM and 6～8 PM were the busiest hours of the day that patients came most frequently.Patients came within those two periods were 18.7% and 23.4% of the total respectively.Fever,trauma and abdominal pain were the three most common complaints,amounted for 23.5%,18.4% and 15.8% respectively of all the diseases.The gastrointestinal bleeding was more commonly seen among patients aged 60～69 and 90～99,which amounted for 3.6% and 3.4% of the total diseases of that age group.Cough,hemoptysis and dyspnea were more commonly seen among those aged over 60 and in January, which accounted for 8.5% of all the diseases seen in January.Disturbance of consciousness was 2.4 times as much in those over 60 years old as in those below 60,and was the highest among those aged 80～89 was 10.9% of the total diseases of that age group.Trauma was more commonly seen between 20～50 years of age. [Conclusion] The characteristics of patients coming to the emergency room are helpful to improve our first-aid system and clinical work in the emergency room.It may also provide information to the hospital administration to improve the medical allocation and training of doctors of emergency medicine.

关 键 词：急诊室 急诊 流行病学 疾病调查 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]