军事飞行员暗焦点的检测方法和分布特征  

Measuring methods for dark focus and its distribution characteristics in military pilots

作　　者：刘广莉[1] 吴家龙[1] 贺光青[1] 宋蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100036

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2001年第4期206-209,共4页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的　建立暗焦点的测量方法 ,检测我军飞行员暗焦点的分布特征。　方法　暗焦点检查仪由激光发射源、箱体、观察孔、视标、调节手柄等组成。测量范围 +5 .0 D～ - 5 .0 D,综合精度为± 0 .15 D,激光图像显示时间 1.0 s,间隔 5 .0 s。随机抽取 90名男性现役军事飞行员 ,年龄 2 5～ 5 3岁 ,飞行时间 5 0 0～ 6 0 0 0 h;军校近视眼学员 81名 ,正视眼 38名。被检者在暗环境适应 5 min,先测右眼 ,后测左眼 ,重复 3次取平均值。　结果　飞行员左、右眼的暗焦点平均值分别为 - 1.0 8D和 - 1.17D,标准差为 0 .75 D和 0 .74D。近视学员左右眼的暗焦点值分别为 - 3.0 4D和 - 3.0 8D。3类人群的暗焦点基本均成正态分布。飞行员随着年龄的增加暗焦点值降低 ,方差分析 P<0 .0 5。不同飞行时间各组之间未见有明显差异。　结论　暗焦点检查仪能满足暗焦点的检测需要。Objective To set up measuring methods of dark focus (DF) in military pilots and find out its distribution characteristics. Methods The self developed apparatus for measuring DF consists of laser unit, visual box, target observing hole, regulator and so on. The range of adjustment was +5.0 D～-5.0 D and preciseness degree was ±0.15 D. The display period of laser line was 1.0 s with 5.0 s intervals. Ninety military pilots with age ranging from 25 to 53 years and flying hours 500 to 6 000, 81 myopia students and 38 persons with normal vision served as subjects. Results The mean DF values of left and right eyes in military pilots were -1.08±0.75 D and -1.17±0.74 D respectively. In myopia cadets the DF values were -3.04±0.96 and -3.08±1.08 respectively. DF values in 3 groups appeared to be approaching normal distribution. In pilots the DF values of ≥40 years group were significantly higher than those in younger groups. No significant difference was found among DF values of different flying hour groups. Conclusion This apparatus for measuring DF is reliable and easy to operate. The reference DF values of Chinese military pilots were obtained firstly.

关 键 词：眼科诊断技术 暗焦点 视力测定法 军事飞行员 

分 类 号：R851.3[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R770.421[医药卫生—临床医学]