孕妇和婴幼儿血铅变化及其影响因素分析  

Variety Trend and Affect Factors Analysis on Blood Lead Level of Pregnant Women and Infants

作　　者：陶勇[1] 白雪涛[2] 张洪桥[2] 刘建荣[2] 王玉玲[2] 董兵[2] 戚其平[2] 郑星泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所,北京100050 [2]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2002年第1期58-60,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的　观察分析孕妇及婴幼儿血铅变化及其影响因素。方法　对妊娠 3个月左右的孕妇的血铅水平开始进行追踪观察 ,并随访其子女血铅水平至 2岁。对孕妇的分娩情况以及个人、家庭的一般情况及婴幼儿喂养和发育情况进行调查。分析孕妇和其子女血铅负荷的变化趋势和影响因素。结果　妊娠 3、6月和分娩前血铅平均值分别为5 0 3μg/L、5 1 6 μg/L和 70 4 μg/L。脐带血铅平均值为 5 7 4 μg/L ,较分娩前血铅明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。且两者具有显著性相关 (r=0 97,P <0 0 5 )。婴幼儿血铅值及其大于 10 0 μg/L的百分比随年龄增加呈明显的增加趋势。至 2岁时可达 32 %。结论　家庭环境对孕妇血铅有一定影响。婴幼儿血铅随年龄快速增加 ,这与婴幼儿接触铅的机会增多有关 ,而影响幼儿接触铅的因素包括家庭房屋类型、喂养情况、母亲工种、年龄和文化程度。Objective To study the variety and affect factors of PbB level of pregnant women and babies.Methods The PbB level of pregnant women and babies were followed up since the 3 rd month of pregnency until babies were 2 years old.At the same time,the general information of delivery,individual,family,husband,infant feeding and development were investigated.The PbB level of pregnant women and infants,variety trend and affecting factors of PbB were determined and analyzed.Results The mean PbB level of pregnant women are respectively 50.3μg/L and 51 6μg/L at 3 and 6 months of gestation,but the mean PbB level rise up to 70.4μg/L near delivery.The mena PbB level of umbilical coral is 57.4μg/L,which is significantly lower than that near delivery( P <0 05).There is a significant correlation between PbB of umbilical coral and that near delivery ( r=0 97,P<0 05) .The infant PbB level and percentage of PbB level higher than 100μg/L both increase with aging obviously,the percentage of PbB level of children higher than 100μg/L rise up to 32% in 2-year old children.Conclusion Family condition can affect PbB level of pregnant women at certain degree.Except the high lead absorptivity of infant,the quick risking of PbB level of infants with age is related with more leadcontacting opportunities of infants.The factors related with infant's lead exposure include house types,infant feeding and the occupation,age and education degree of mother.

关 键 词：孕妇 婴幼儿 血铅 影响因素 

分 类 号：Q592.1[生物学—生物化学] R446.11[医药卫生—诊断学]