Ⅷ和IB族元素二元合金相图的类型与门捷列夫数的关系  

Relationship Between Types of Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams of Ⅷ and IB Group Elements with Mendeleev Numbers

作　　者：何纯孝[1] 李关芳[1] 罗雁波[1] 李亚楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明贵金属研究所,昆明650221

出　　处：《稀有金属》2001年第4期260-265,共6页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金资助项目 ;项目编号 :97E0 94M

摘　　要：首次讨论了二元合金相图的类型与门捷列夫数 (M)之间的关系。设Ⅷ和IB族元素为溶剂金属 (A) ,其他元素为溶质金属 (B) ,分别用MA和MB表示溶质金属和溶剂金属的门捷列夫数 ,再以它们之间形成的二元合金相图类型为基础 ,研究了MA/MB二维图。结果指出 ,在以溶剂金属为中心的斜线上 ,ΔM =0。该斜线将溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分为对称的两部分 ,其余元素与溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分别在斜线的上方和下方。溶剂金属之间形成的二元合金相图基本上都是简单体系 ,并以连续固溶体型和包晶型相图为主 ,二者各占 40 %左右 ,其余的简单体系约占 2 0 %。溶剂金属可分为三组 :Co、Ir、Rh、Ni、Pt、Pd为第一组 ;Cu、Au、Ag为第二组 ;Fe、Os和Ru为第三组。还讨论了各组元素间相互作用所形成的相图的特点。溶剂金属与溶质金属间形成的相图 ,约 80 %为复杂体系 ,简单体系不到 2 0 %。此外 ,还探讨了化学标度、原子的金属半径、原子外层电子数和第一电离能与门捷列夫数之间的规律性变化 。The relationship between the types of the binary alloy phase diagrams of Ⅷ and IB group elements with the Mendeleev numbers was discussed for the first time by mean of the Ⅷ group elements as solvent meatals(A) and the IB group elements as solute metals(B), and on bases of their alloy phase diagrams types. A two dimension graph of M A/ M B was drawn. The results indicat that there is a oblique line in the graph, which divides the binary alloy phase diagram types of solvent metals into two symmetry parts, the phase diagram types of the other elements with solvent metals located at the over and down of the line respectively, while on the line the ΔM =0. The phase diagrams of between the solvent metals basically are simple systems, mainly in the types of continues solid solution and peritectoid(about 40% respectively). The solvent metals can be divided into three groups:Co,Ir,Rh,Ni,Pt,Pd as the first group, Ag,Au,Cu as the second group, and Fe,Os and Ru as the third group. The characteristics of the phase diagrams formed between the elements in each group was discussed. About 80% phase diagram formed between solvent metals with solute metals belongs to complex system and less than 20% belongs to the simple system. The regular variation of the chemical scale, metallic radius of the atoms, number of valence electrons and the first ionization energy with the Mendeleev numbers and the influence of the crystal structure on the types of phase diagrams were introduced as well.

关 键 词：门捷列夫数 贵金属 二元合金相图 

分 类 号：TG146.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG113.4[金属学及工艺—金属材料]