可燃制冷剂泄漏及爆炸危害评价的研究  

AN ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT ON THE EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS OF LEAKAGE FLAMMABLE REFRIGERANTS

作　　者：田贯三[1] 杨昭[2] 刘万福[2] 马一太[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京100084 [2]天津大学热能所,天津300072

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2001年第6期39-43,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"制冷空调系统替代混合物运行泄漏动态可燃性研究"(编号 :598760 2 7)

摘　　要：建立了计算可燃工质泄漏后在房间内可燃工质浓度变化的模型。计算结果表明 ,小型空调器可燃工质泄漏引发的爆炸隐患仅局限于空调系统附近的局部区域内。用压力—冲量准则 ,对可燃工质泄漏产生的最大爆炸当量、危害范围与危害等级进行分析研究。结果表明 ,使用充装量很小的可燃制冷剂 ,泄漏产生爆炸的危险性很小 。When trying to find the alternatives for CFC and HCFC as refrigerants, we know that the most environment protection friendly refrigerants are HC series, such as R290, R600, R600a, HFCs, R32, R143a, R152a, etc. However, HCs and the most of HFCs are flammable. Thus, it has become a serious problem to develop ways to use such substances safely. To achieve this purpose, the present authors have done detailed analyses and evaluations on how to eliminate the explosive hazards of flammable refrigerant leakage in the air conditioned room. So far they have established a model in calculating the average flammable refrigerant concentration in the air conditioning room after finding the leakage. The results of computation show that the concentration is only half of the explosive limits when 600 g HCs or 1 200 g HFCs are used as refrigerant for a limited air conditioning room leakage. The liability of explosion triggered by such amount of leakage can be confined in a limited space near the leakage point. Analyzing damage range and the damage level of the explosion by using the P I method, the authors conclude that the damage can be tiny, but the fire it may cause is likely to be the main danger for the damage. Their conclusions of the two methods prove to be almost the same. Therefore, with the proper measures taken, such flammable refrigerants as HCs and HFCs remain to be applicable in the restricted air conditioning spaces.

关 键 词：可燃制冷剂 泄漏 爆炸危害 评价 可燃工质 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TB64[一般工业技术—制冷工程]