城市鸟类对斑块状园林栖息地的选择性  

Selectivity of Birds to Urban Woodlots

作　　者：陈水华 丁平[2] 范忠勇 郑光美[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江自然博物馆,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310028 [3]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2002年第1期31-38,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 30 0 70 131)

摘　　要：园林因在城市中呈斑块状分布而具有许多岛屿栖息地的特性 ,其内部结构和景观水平的结构同时也受到城市化的影响。对杭州市 2 0个园林中鸟类物种的选择性分布进行了调查和分析 ,重点探讨了鸟类物种与园林面积、内部结构、微栖息地类型的分布、景观水平的结构、人为干扰等栖息地因素的关系。结果表明 ,杭州城市鸟类对园林栖息地具有较强的选择性 ,这不仅与园林的面积有关 ,还与园林的形状、植被盖度、微栖息地类型、连通性、隔离度、周围用地以及人为干扰等多种因素密切相关。Urban woodlots are isolated as patches in urban matrix and possess the features of 'habitat island'.Moreover,their interior structures and landscape level structures are greatly modified by urbanization.We analyzed the relationships between the bird distribution and woodlot area,interior structures,distributions of microhabitat types,landscape level structures and human disturbance in 20 woodlots in Hangzhou city area.14 habitat variables and 14 microhabitat types were selected to test the relationships between the bird and habitat by Multivariate Regression Analysis and Correlation Analysis.The results indicate that bird species have a strong selectivity to the urban woodlots in Hangzhou,which is significantly correlated to not only the woodlot area but also many other habitat factors,such as the patch shape,vegetation density,microhabitat distribution,connectedness,isolation,surrounding land-use and human disturbance etc.It is the heterogeneity among the woodlots and the close association between the bird and habitat that result in the birds' selective distributions.The results also indicate the importance of the conservation of special habitat and habitat diversity in maintenance of regional biodiversity.

关 键 词：鸟类 园林 栖息地 选择性 城市 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]