天仙果与两种隐头花序小蜂的相互关系  

Relationships Between Ficus erecta var.beecheyana and Two Sycophilus Wasps

作　　者：陈勇[1] 李宏庆[2] 马炜梁[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁德师范高等专科学校生物系,福建宁德352100 [2]华东师范大学生物系,上海200062

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2002年第1期38-43,共6页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 396 70 134)

摘　　要：天仙果 (Ficuserectavar beecheyana)花为单性花 ,雌、雄异株 ,分别形成雌、雄花序 ,雌花序着生雌花 ,雄花序着生雄花和瘿花。花序中生活着银纹榕小蜂 (Blastophagasilverstriana)和榕长尾小蜂 (Sycoscaptersp )。前者是唯一能进入雄花序腔产卵或雌花序腔传粉的昆虫 ,是天仙果专一性共生的传粉者 ;后者不能进入花序 ,在花序外通过产卵器将卵产在瘿花子房中 ,是植食性的寄生者。自然状态下天仙果每个雄花序均被 2种小蜂产卵 ,平均每个花序出飞银纹榕小蜂 2 0 8 2只、榕长尾小蜂 6 4 2只。人为封堵花序口 ,银纹榕小蜂无法进入花序产卵 ,平均每个花序出飞榕长尾小蜂 16 5 6只 ,是自然状态下的 2 5倍 ,显然 ,2种小蜂互为竞争对手 ,榕长尾小蜂是榕Ficus erecta var.beecheyana is dioecious,and each forms either female syconia with female flowers or male ones with male and gall flowers. Both Blastophaga silverstriana and Sycoscatper sp.live in male syconia.The former is the only mutual pollinator,and can enter the syconia cavity to pollinate for the female syconia and lays eggs in most gall flowers'ovaries of the male syconia.The latter can neither enter syconia not pollinate,but lays eggs into partial gall flowers'ovaries from the outside of the male syconia by its long ovipositor.Results counting the wasps flying off syconia showed that:average 208.2 B.silverstriana flew off each syconium,the fly off process mainly lasted for 3 days,and 86.65% of the total fly off occurred on the second day;average 64.2 S.sp.flew off each syconium,the fly off process lasted for 4 days,and 66.51% of the total fly off occurred prior to the peak in B.silverstriana flying off;when the syconium ostiole was sealed artificially,B.silverstriana could not get into the syconium to lay eggs and only S.sp.laid eggs in gall flowers'ovaries,and then average 165.6 S.sp.flew off each syconium,which was 2.5 times as many as that in the natural state.Obviously S.sp.is a vegetarian parasite of Ficus erecta var.beecheyana and competitor of pollinating wasps.In the meantime,it is also a destroyer of fig tree-pollinator mutualism system.

关 键 词：银纹榕小蜂 榕长尾小蜂 天仙果 共生体系 隐头花序 

分 类 号：Q948.122.6[生物学—植物学]