复合材料股骨头的假体生物力学评价  

Biomechanical Evaluation of Composite Femoral Prosthesis

作　　者：俞能宝[1] 董天华[2] 孙俊英[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛海慈医院骨科,山东省青岛市人民路4号266033 [2]苏州大学第一附属医院骨科

出　　处：《中国矫形外科杂志》2001年第12期1157-1159,共3页Orthopedic Journal of China

摘　　要：目的 :研究不同刚度的股骨头假体置换后的生物力学影响及材料的弹性模量与力学相容性关系。方法 :选用 2 1具新鲜的股骨尸体标本 ,分为正常组 ,国产仿AML钴铬钼 (CoCrMo)合金假体及研制好的同几何形态碳纤维聚砜(CRF/PSF)复合材料假体分别模拟全髋置换术后对照与实验组 ,在施加载荷后 ,应用电测法测试股骨、假体的应力分布、微动与抗扭转比较。结果 :CRF/PSF组能传递至股骨近段拉压应力达 90 %～ 95 %基本接近生理受力状态 ,而CoCrMo组只有 6 0 %～ 6 5 % ,假体的微动前者比后者低 30 %～ 35 % ,抗扭转强度则高 30 % ,应力集中CRF/PSF比CoCrMo低2 0 %～ 30 %。结论 :低弹性模量的CRF/PSF假体能有效减低应力遮挡、应力集中 ,假体的早期的稳定性显著优于CoCrObjective: To study biomechanical influence and relations between the elastic modulus and mechanical compatibility for prosthesis of different stiffness after replacement.Method: 21 fresh femoral specimen are used and divided into three groups:(1)normal group (2) comparative group of domestically made imitative AML CoCrMo alloy prosthesis and CRF\PSF composite material of the same geometry after the imitative femoral prosthesis replacement respectively.(3) experimemtal group,which makes use of electronic method to test the stress distribution,micro motion and torsional strength of femoral and prosthesis.Result:The stress and strain of femoral proximal tension that CRF\PSF group transmitted reaches 90%～95%,which is almost near to the natural physiological condition under stress; while CoCrMo group only gets to 60%～65%. For the micro motion of the prosthesis,CRF\PSF group is 30%～35% lower than CoCrMo group.The tortional strength of the former,however,is 30% higher than the latter. While for the stress concentration,CRF\PSF is 20%～30% lower than CoCrMo.Conclusion:CRF\PSF prosthesis of low elastic modulus can effectively reduce stress shielding and stress concentration. The early stability of prosthesis is much better than CoCrMo alloy.

关 键 词：复合材料 股骨头假体 生物力学 

分 类 号：R687.1[医药卫生—骨科学]