中国西部亚高山针叶林凋落物的生态功能  

The Ecological Function of Litters in Subalpine Coniferous Forests in Western China

作　　者：林波[1] 刘庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2001年第5期49-54,共6页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4 6 80 2 - 0 5);中国科学院"九五"重大项目专题 (KZ951-A1- 10 4 - 0 3 - 0 2 );中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KSCX1- 0 7- 0 2 - 0 2 );"西部之光"人才培养计划项目资助

摘　　要：森林凋落物具有重要的水源涵养和养分供应功能。中国西部亚高山针叶林由于其特有的地理位置和重要的生态经济价值 ,作为长江中上游生态屏障对平衡长江流域水分有着积极的意义。有关亚高山针叶林枯枝落叶层的水源涵养和养分归还研究已成为该区域亚高山针叶林生态功能研究的重要问题和热点 ,对植被恢复与重建具有十分重要的指导作用。本文归纳分析了中国西部亚高山针叶林主要类型及不同恢复演替阶段的枯枝落叶贮量、持水性能及其养分归还量和养分利用效率等凋落物的生态功能。一般地 ,亚高山针叶林天然林下枯枝落叶层厚度为 0～ 2 6cm ,平均贮量约为 4 0× 10 3 kg/hm2 ,持水量为 16.87～ 4 61.87× 10 3 kg/hm2 ,主要营养元素归还量为 878.4～ 385 4kg/hm2 ;人工云杉林不同恢复阶段凋落物贮量为 6.8～ 2 6.7× 10 3 kg/hm2 ,主要营养元素归还量为32 3.3～ 12 4 6.2kg/hm2 ,排序为Ca >N >Mg >K >P。人工林的水源涵养和养分归还性能都低于天然林 ,在对亚高山针叶林恢复与重建过程中应特别加强生态功能的恢复。Forest litter plays an important role in water supply conservation and nutrients return. For its own geographic position and important eco economy value, it accentuates the positive significance of the subalpine coniferous forests in western China as the ecological barrier of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the research in relate to the function of water supply conservation and nutrients return of litter layer of subalpine coniferous forests has become the important issues and hotpots in this area, and this can well guide the vegetation restoration and rehabilitation. The ecological functions of litter of different succession stages of the main subalpine coniferous forests in western China were systematically analyzed, including the amount, water holding capacity, nutrients return and utilization efficiencies. Generally, the litter layer of the natural subalpine coniferous forests was 0～26cm, the average pool of litter layer was about 40×10 3kg/hm 2, water holding capacity was 16.87～461.87×10 3kg/hm 2, the return of the main nutrient elements(N?P?K?Ca?Mg)was 323.3～1246.2kg/hm 2; the pool of litter of Picea asperata plantations in different succession stages was 6.8～26.7×10 3kg/hm 2, in which the return of the main nutrient elements was 323.3～1246.2kg/hm 2, and the order was in sequence of Ca>N>Mg>K>P. The function of water supply conservation and nutrients return of the plantations is inferior to that of natural forests, so the restoration of ecological function of plantations will be specially noticed.

关 键 词：亚高山针叶林 森林凋落物 水源涵养 养分供应 生态功能 中国西部 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]