胭脂虫引种繁养初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on the Introduction and Reproduction of Dactylopius coccus

作　　者：李志国[1] 杨文云[1] 杨时宇[1] 包松莲[1] 吴昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,云南昆明650216

出　　处：《西南林学院学报》2001年第3期165-169,共5页Journal of Southwest Forestry College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (39870 6 13)

摘　　要：对 2 0 0 0年从南美引进的胭脂虫开展了繁养试验 ,结果为 :胭脂虫系卵胎生 ,世代重叠 ,生活史不整齐 .在元江 ,年平均气温 2 3 7℃ ,胭脂虫 1年发生 4～ 5代 ,每代历期 4 5～ 80d ;而在昆明 ,年平均气温 1 4 5℃ ,1年发生 2～ 3代 ,每代历期 73～ 1 6 0d .人工培育宜采取室外栽培寄主、室内繁养胭脂虫的方式 ,切取印榕仙人掌1～ 2年生茎节 ,用三角纸 (网 )袋转接雌成虫 ,若虫固虫密度以 0 5头 /cm2Cochineal insect, Dactylopius coccus ,has a long history of utilization as a natural insect resource and never distributes naturally in China.In 2000, D.coccus and its favorable hosts, Opuntia ficus-indica and O.(Nopalea) coccinellifera ,were introduced from South America into China. This study shows that the propagation of D.coccus is ovoviviparity with overlapping generations and irregular life history. In Yuanjiang County, where annual average air temperature is 23.7℃ and falls into hot-dry valleys in north tropic, the propagation of D.coccus is 4～5 generations one year with a life history of 45～80 days and a period of the 1st instar nymphae being 15 days, but in Kunming where annual average air temperature is 14.5℃, its propagation and life history are 2～3 generations and 73～160 days respectively. The main factors affecting the growth and development of D.coccus are temperature and precipitation. A practical artificial method is to cultivate O. ficus-indica as host outdoors and to breed D.coccus indoors. Namely, after 1～2 years old stem joints were carried into rooms, transfer adult female with triangle paper or net bags, and control the breeding density of nymphae under 0.5 bug /cm 2 on the stem joints of host.

关 键 词：胭脂虫 印榕仙人掌 引种 繁殖 经济昆虫 寄生 

分 类 号：S759.79[农业科学—森林经理学]