针毛收获蚁社群密度与分布及社群各品级在自然穴巢中的季节迁移行为  

Density and distributional patterns of seed harvester ant Messor aciculatus and the seasonal moving behavior of castes in natural nest.

作　　者：长有德[1] 贺达汉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]宁夏农学院农学系,永宁750105

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2002年第1期23-27,共5页Entomological Knowledge

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (30 0 6 0 0 14);教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目资助

摘　　要：针毛收获蚁Messoraciculatus(F .Smith)是我国北方特别是西北荒漠草原的优势种蚂蚁 ,亦是重要的种子收获性蚁类 ,收获、贮藏和取食 1 0余种荒漠植物种子。本文以沙坡头自然保护区红卫固定沙丘地段为样地 ,对该蚁的社群密度与分布及社群各品级在自然穴巢中的季节迁移行为作了研究。最近邻体法测定表明 ,社群在新生生境中起初随机定居 ,随社群密度的不断定居 ,空间分布型逐渐向均匀六边形过渡 ;社群密度为成熟社群 34 .98巢 hm2 ,发展中社群 2 6 .99巢 hm2 ,新建社群 4 4.98巢 hm2 ,种群密度 2 .6 8工蚁 m2 。社群结构的季节动态总蚁量和幼蚁为双峰型 ,蚁后和雄蚁为单峰型。室内人工蚁巢饲养表明 ,社群结构约 1月后趋于稳定 ,蚁量 5 0～ 70头 ,单蚁后以 4个品级混合越冬。自然社群的挖掘表明 ,各品级在蚁巢中的季节迁移行为明显呈现上迁、前层持续活动、下迁和深层越冬四期。此外 ,讨论了该蚁对荒漠草原环境的适应性。Messor aciculatus (F. Smith) is a seed harvester dominant ant in the desert steppe ecosystem of northwest China. It harvests more than 10 kinds of plant seeds. Colonies are divided into smature, developing and new according to their abandoned food and, nest building soil deposited around nest entrance. The nearest neighbor distance between each of two of the above three kinds of colony were measured. The results showed that mature colony was randomly distributed, but developing and new colonies were gradually transferred to hexagon patterns. This indicated that queens randomly settled down in non-colony-background. But as colony density increasing, the competition among colonies became severe and the distribution gradually transferred to hexagon patterns. The density of mature, developing and new colonies per hectare was 34.98, 26.99 and 44.98 respectively. According to the seasonal dynamics of castes in colony, the population density was estimated to 2.68 workers per square meter. Seasonal dynamics of larvae and total individuals presented two peaks, whereas queen and male only had one. Colonies reared in 25 cm×25 cm×9 cm artificial nest at 30±2℃ and 60% relative humidity kept their caste structure stable after one month, with single queen, 50～70 workers and a few males. It hibernated with queen, worker, male and larvae. Seasonal moving behavior in natural nest took on the following four distinct stages, moving-up from middle March to late April, staying in shallow chambers from early May to late October, moving-down from early to late November and hibernating in deep chambers from early December to next early March. In addition, the adaptation of M. aciculatus to desert steppe environment was discussed.

关 键 词：针毛收获蚁 社群密度 分布 社群品级 蚁穴 季节迁移行为 

分 类 号：Q969.554.2[生物学—昆虫学]