5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡病例对照研究  

Case-control Study on Death Caused by Pneumonia in Children Under the Age of Five

作　　者：杨勤[1] 徐再娣[1] 易红[1] 陈非[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省妇幼保健院,武汉市430070

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2001年第11期34-38,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:研究农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡相关的危险因素与干预措施。方法:(1)1996年6月—1997年5月在湖北巴东、长阳、蕲春等8个贫困地区对5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的危险因素进行病例对照研究,肺炎死亡病例组212例,痊愈后肺炎对照组424例。(2)1997年6月—2000年2月对75377例监测组儿童进行肺炎死亡的危险因素干预措施及效果研究。(3)病例对照相关资料用X^2检验,多因素进行非条件logistic逐步回归分析,计算比值比(OR)。结果:(1)采用病例对照研究方法,找出影响湖北农村儿重肺炎死亡有显著意义的21项单因素(P均<0.01)和9项多因素。(2)采取综合干预措施。结论:9项危险因素为农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的重要原因,其中某些因素是可以通过开展儿童肺炎家庭病床管理和急性呼吸道感染标准病例管理等5项措施而有效控制,提高县、乡、村三级医务人员的诊断、抢救水平和家长识别能力,从而降低农村5岁以下儿童死亡率。Object: To research dangerous factors and countermeasure on death caused by pneumonia under the age of five in countryside. Methods : ( 1) Case-control studies on dangerous factors were done in Spoverty - striken areas of Hubei Province ( Badong, Changyang, Qichun, et al) from June 1996 to May 1997. A death - pneumonia - group including 212 cases and a control - pneumonia - group including 424 cases were set. (2)We studied intervention methods and results of 75 377 cases from July 1997 to February 2000. (3)Case - control study was carried out with chi- square test. Data were analyzed with inconditional logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the relevant factors. Result:(1) We find 9 risk factors in order leading to death from pneumonia: mother did not take her sick child to see doctor in time,children without inoculation, firstly diagnosed by a village - doctor, no family - direction from doctor, having a lot of children, seldom going to the doctor, getting warm from burning - wood inside room, culture degree of mother, having not been in hospital and transferred to better hospital in time after the children worse,etc. (2)Countermeasures. Conclusion:The 9 risk factors are important reason leading to death in under 5 - year- old pneumonia children of countryside. Some of the factors can be controlled by 5 Countermeasures such as extending management and education. We want to raise the 3 degree doctors'diagnosis and dealing ability with emergency,to raise parental identify- level and finally lower the U5MR of countryside.

关 键 词：儿童 肺炎 死亡 病例对照研究 疾病预防 

分 类 号：R725.631[医药卫生—儿科] R174.6[医药卫生—临床医学]