工作现场1,1,1-三氯乙烷的劳动卫生学调查  

Investigation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane level in workshop

作　　者：刘玉清[1] 熊庭辉[2] 林凡[1] 谈宁芝[1] 王正书[1] 朱亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共卫生学院卫生毒理学研究室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院成都有机化学研究所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2001年第6期453-455,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中华人民共和国卫生部劳动卫生标准研制基金项目 (3 87 0 2 1)

摘　　要：目的　为我国车间空气中 1,1,1 三氯乙烷 (TCE)卫生标准的引进提供依据。方法　对成渝地区 4家使用TCE的企业进行现场劳动卫生学调查 ,采用气相色谱法测定车间空气中TCE浓度 ,采用现场问答的方式调查接触工人健康状况。结果　 4家使用TCE的企业工人工作地点车间空气中TCE最高浓度不超过 6 0 6mg/m3 (清洗机器开机半小时且不抽风的情况下 ) ,其中以手工清洗的工作地点TCE的浓度最高 (6 0 6mg/m3 ) ,其次是蒸汽清洗 (35 4mg/m3 ) ,然后是超声清洗 (16 4mg/m3 ) ,蒸汽超声清洗的浓度最低 (78mg/m3 )。 6 9名接触工人中 ,职业接触工龄最短 1年 ,最长 15年 ,接触时间每人每天为 1～ 6h ,接触者多为青年工人 ,未发现职业接触TCE导致明显的临床疾病。直接接触工人 39人有部分临床症状和体征 ,主要表现为易怒、皮肤干燥、脱屑、易患丘疹 ,咽喉有刺激感 ,其中以手工操作清洗的工人出现症状和体征较多。结论　参照国外标准建议 ,TCE的MAC为 12 0 0mg/m3 ,TWA为 90 0mg/m3 。Objective To conduct an on the spot labor health investigation in four factories to provide a basis of the establishment of the health standard for 1,1,1 trichloroethane(TCE) in the air of workplace. Methods The concentrations of TCE in the air of the workshops were determined by gas chromatography and the workers there were investigated by on the spot queries. Results Under the conditions of half an hour after working without ventilation,there was the highest concentration of TCE in the manual degreasing workplace(606 mg/m 3),then in the steam degreasing workplace(354 mg/m 3),then in the ultrasonic degreasing workplace(164 mg/m 3),and it was the lowest in the steam ullrasonic workplace(78 mg/m 3).The occupational exposure time of the 69 workers ranged from 1～15 a,and 1～6 h per day,for each one.Most of the subjects were young workers.No obvious clinical diseases attributed to TCE occupational exposure were observed in the 39 workers with direct exposure except for some symptoms and signs,mainly exasperation,cutaneous dryings,desquamation,papule and throat irritation. Conclusion In reference to foreign standards,MAC should be 1 200 mg/m 3 and TWA should be 900 mg/m 3 for TCE in China.

关 键 词：1 1 1-三氯乙烷 职业接触 工作现场 劳动卫生学 调查 卫生标准 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]