北京北郊冬季低空大气气溶胶分析  

AN ANALYSIS OF AEROSOLS IN THE LOWER-LEVEL ATMOSPHERE OVER BEIJING NORTHERN SUBURBS IN WINTER

作　　者：杨东贞[1] 于海青[1] 丁国安[1] 王淑凤[1] 何耑士 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center,Kwangju Institutte of Science and Technology

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2002年第U01期113-126,共14页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：<国家重点基础研究发展规划>项目 :首都北京及周边地区大气;水;土环境污染机理与调控原理 (项目编号为 1 9990 4 5 70 0 )的资助

摘　　要：文章分析了 2 0 0 1年 1月 1 0～ 1 6日和 2月 2 0日～ 3月 2日两时段北京北郊中国科学院大气物理研究所 3 2 5m高的气象塔上距地面 3 2 0、1 0 0和 8m 3个高度所采得的气溶胶样品的物理化学特征。计算了气溶胶的TSP浓度、化学组分及其分布和粒度谱。探讨了气象条件对气溶胶浓度及其来源和分布的影响。初步发现 :在所测的高度范围内 ,气溶胶TSP的浓度随高度的增高而下降 ,70 %以上浓度分布在细粒组 (d <2 .1 μm)。气溶胶中浓度最高的前 2 0个元素是 :S、Fe、Ca、Al、K、Na、Mg、Zn、P、Ti、Pb、Ba、Mn、Cu、V、As、Cr、Rb、Sb和Br。挥发性元素主要分布在细粒组 ,元素浓度随高度增加而减少。气溶胶的离子浓度也有相同的分布特征。风速变小、层结呈现稳定 ,尤其逆温以及大气湿度升高均为气溶胶浓度升高的因素。人为排放源是大气气溶胶的主要贡献者。导致北京严重空气污染的气溶胶源地以北京当地及其周边邻近地区的污染源为主。The physical and chemical characteristics of the aerosol samples are analyzed. The samples were collected at 3 levels (8, 100, 320 m) of the IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy)observation tower, during the periods of from January 1 to 16 and from February 20 to March 2, 2001. The concentrations of TSP (Total Suspended Particles), the chemical components and the particle spectrum for the aerosols are calculated. The effects of meteorological conditions on the aerosol concentration, its vertical distribution, and the main sources of aerosol are studied. The preliminarily conclusions are obtained. Within the measurement range the aerosol concentration decreases with increasing height. Over 70% of TSP is distributed in the fine particle group (d<2.1 μm). From high to low the top 20 aerosol elements with high concentration are S, Fe, Ca, Al, K, Na, Mg, Zn, P, Ti, Pb, Ba, Mn, Cu, V,As, Cr, Rb, Sb and Br. Under the condition of weak wind, high humidity or stable/inversion stratification, the aerosol concentrations are higher. The TSPs of volatile elements are mainly distributed in the fine particle group, and their aerosol concentration decreases with increasing height. The principal contribution of sources to the aerosols comes from human emission. It is Beijing local aerosol sources and those in the vicinity that led to the severe air pollution in Beijing.

关 键 词：空气污染 气溶胶 化学组分 排放源 北京 大气 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]