北京风沙天气的气溶胶特征  

CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOLS UNDER DUST AND SAND WEATHER IN BEIJING

作　　者：杨东贞[1] 颜鹏[1] 徐祥德[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2002年第U01期185-194,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：<国家重点基础研究发展规划>项目 :首都北京及周边地区大气;水;土环境污染机理与调控原理(项目编号 :G1 9990 4 5 70 0 )的资助

摘　　要：利用常规气象观测资料、卫星云图以及 1 988、1 990、1 992、1 993、1 995、2 0 0 0年等年北京风沙天气期间所采集的气溶胶样品的分析结果 ,研究了北京的风沙天气分布特征 ,风沙期间大气污染状况 ,产生风沙天气的主要原因及沙尘的来源等。初步得出 :北京的风沙天气主要出现在春季 ,是造成春季大气污染的重要原因之一 ;北京春季风沙天气是由沙尘暴、浮尘和扬沙造成 ,但以扬尘引起的频率为最高 ,占 71 .4% ;风沙期间大气气溶胶与无风沙时气溶胶的物理化学特征有明显的差异 ;大气气溶胶的物理化学特征显示出 ,风沙期间的大气气溶胶主要来源于自然源 ,以局地尘源为主 。The characteristics of sand and dust weather in Beijing are studied. The distribution of sand and dust weather, the air pollution produced during the sand and dust weather period, the main causes of sand and dust weather, and the sources of sand and dust are investigated through analyzing synoptic climate data, satellite images, air mass trajectories and physical and chemical characteristics of air aerosols. The preliminary conclusions are that the sand and dust weather occurs more frequently in the spring months than other season in Beijing, which is one of the important causes of the air pollution in Beijing. The spring sand and dust weather in Beijing are mainly caused by sandstorms, suspended dust and blowing sand. The proportion resulting from blowing sand is measured up to 71.4%. The physical and chemical characteristics of the air aerosols in the sand and dust weather are obviously different from normal days. The physical and chemical characteristics of the air aerosols demonstrate that during the sand and dust weather the air aerosols mainly come from the local natural source. The role of anthropogenic emission relatively becomes less important.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 扬沙 浮尘 气溶胶 尘源 北京 风沙天气 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]