稻田渍水及土壤水分平衡对春玉米生长影响的模拟分析  

Simulation analysis of the effects of soil waterlogging and water balance on the development and yield of spring corn in paddy field

作　　者：杨京平[1] 陈杰[1] 严力蛟[1] 范兴海[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学华家池校区农业生态研究所,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《水利学报》2001年第12期85-91,共7页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金 ( 6970 41) ;国际水稻研究所SARP项目协作网资助项目

摘　　要：借助PenningdeVries的MACROS模型和 1995～ 1997年田间及水槽实验结果 ,建立了玉米生长发育及水分动态耦合的模拟模型 ,模型模拟的玉米地上部干物质积累、土壤水分变化状况同实际较为符合 .验证后的模型用于模拟不同渍水时期及持续时间对春玉米生长及产量影响的动态 .模拟结果表明在田间全程控制水分为田间持水量 90 %情况下 ,春玉米孕穗期为渍水危害的敏感期 ,其次为 4～ 6叶期 .在自然降水及土壤渍水状况影响下 ,春玉米幼苗期 4～ 6叶时为渍水的敏感期 ,8叶及孕穗期相对较耐渍 .在玉米 4、 6叶期时 ,渍害造成产量下降的临界期为 5d ;而在 8叶、孕穗期为 10～ 15d .但持续 2 0d的渍水对任何时期的春玉米生长都造成严重的影响 .因此在生产中应注意在苗期及孕穗期及时排除田间多余的水分及降低地下水位 .The crop growth model MACROS and soil water balance module developed by Penning de Vries are adopted and modified to establish the spring corn simulation model for excessive and shortage conditions.This paper describes the modification of model structure in soil water balance and water stress under excessive paddy field,data set adaptation and gives the comparison between the simulated and measured results and statistics.The modified model is in good agreement with the actual result for the single cropping corn,while the relay cropping corn is found with large deviation.The simulated results using the spring corn model indicate that under the whole controlled soil water within 90% of field capacity condition,the heading and booting stage of spring corn is the most sensitive stage in the soil waterlogging condition.With the influence of rainfall and soil condition without any control of soil water moisture,4 th and 6\+\{th\} leaf stage of spring corn is the most sensitive stage,then followed by the booting stage and the 8\+\{th\} leaf stage.According to the simulation,the critical time of soil waterlogging effect on the spring corn yield is 5 days at 4\|6\+\{th\} leaf stage,10\|15 days at the 8\+\{th\} leaf and booting stage of spring corn.But the continuous waterlogging with duration of 20 days will reduce the yield of corn at any development stage.Thus that the drainage of the excessive water and lowering down the soil water table are important to spring corn production in paddy field.

关 键 词：渍水 春玉米 稻田 模拟分析 水分平衡 生长 影响 土壤 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.71