新疆木本植物区系形成的探讨  

Studies on the Floristic Geography of the Woody Flora from Xinjiang in China

作　　者：崔大方[1] 廖文波[2] 张宏达[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学生物技术学院,广东广州510642 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2001年第5期553-559,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助 (3980 0 0 12 )

摘　　要：对新疆木本植物区系 37科、10 5属、4 36种进行区系地理学分析 ,探讨区系的来源和发展 ,结果表明 :(1)新疆木本植物区系种的区系成分是多元的 ,区系发生成分主要有安加拉成分、古北极成分、古地中海成分、新疆本土成分和华夏成分 ;(2 )发生时间在各个地区是不同步的 ,除准噶尔外 ,新疆的荒漠区系起源较古老 ,于早第三纪时就已基本形成 ,而准噶尔荒漠则形成于第四纪 ;新疆的山地植物区系相对年轻 ,它们的区系形成均不早于第三纪 ;(3)整体上新疆现代木本植物区系是在古地中海退却后得到繁衍的 ,自第三纪以来就一直处于干旱气候控制之下 ,在第四纪进一步旱化 ,并且这一进程仍在进行之中。A detailed floristic phytogeographical characteristics of the woody flora and vegetation of Xinjiang were analyzed. The main conclusion is as follows:(1)There are 436 species (belonging to 37 families and 105 genera) of the woody flora of Xinjiang. Among them, 22 species belonging to 3 families and 6 genera are the gymnospermous flora, and 414 species belonging to 34 families and 99 genera are the angiospermous flora. (2) From the point of nature geographical region view, Xinjiang consists of several parts, e.g.Mt. Tianshan, Mt.Altai, Tarim Basin, Zhungeer Basin, and Xinjiang Desert Region. They are different from each other in the floristic properties, for example, Mt.Tianshan is characterized by the dominant Tianshan elements and abundant Europe Siberia Tianshan one ;Mt.Altai is characterized by the dominant Siberia Altai one and Europe Siberia one; Tarim by dominant Center Asia one; Zhungeer by dominant Center Asia desert one, and Xinjiang Desert Region by Tethys Center Asia one which is related with Tethys flora. (3) The floristic composition of the woody flora of Xinjiang is very complicated. Their origin is pluralistic, and the origin geological periods are also different among nature regions. As for the original elements,they mainly include Angola, Old North Pole, Tethys and Cathaysian floristic elements. In the north of Tianshan,especial in Altai and Zhungeer, they maybe derive from the Angola and the Old North Pole elements. In the sorth of Tianshan,especially in Tarim Basin,there existe the dominant desert elements come from Center Asia; in the desert region of north Xinjiang,especially in Zhungeer Basin, Old Tethy and Center Asia elements are abundant.The desert flora in Xinjiang is more antique than the mountain flora. The former could derive from the early Tertiary; the desert flora in Zhungeer Basin could form in Quaternary, the latter could also form in Quaternary.Although some of Xinjiang mountains had risen free after Old Tethys gone away,they were affected deeply by glacier,and the present

关 键 词：新疆 木本植物区系 地理成分 区系发生 

分 类 号：S717.245[农业科学—林学]