新梨7号小孢子败育的解剖学观察  

Anatomical Study on the Microspore Abortion in Xinli No.7(Pyrus bretschneideri)

作　　者：何天明[1] 张琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木农垦大学植物科技学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树学报》2002年第2期94-97,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：以梨雄性不育品种新梨7号为试材,解剖观察了其小孢子囊及雄配子发生发育的全过程。结果表明:新梨7号花药雏形已于上年生长季形成,次年2月中旬雄蕊原基休眠即可解除,早春气温是解除休眠的主导因子。新梨7号小孢子母细胞的减数分裂主要发生在3月中旬。在单核花粉粒形成之前,其小孢子母细胞减数分裂和四分体从药室组织中游离出来的过程完全正常。此后,单核花粉开始解体消失,其败育途径不同于多倍体梨减数分裂时染色体行为异常导致的败育。单核花粉的解体与药壁绒毡层细胞在发育后期增大、液泡化有关,是绒毡层机能障碍的结果。初步认为该品种败育属胞质雄性不育类型(CMS)。Xinli No.7(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)was used as material for studying the developmental process of microspore abortion.The results showed the anther in an embryonic form was formed in the last vegetative season.The dormant period of the flower bud was finished in next February.The meiosis of pollen mother cell occurred in middle March.Before single nu-cleus pollen formed,the way of reduction division of pollen mother cell was very regular.After tetrads were freed from the an-ther tissue,single nucleus pollen began disintegrate and dissolve.The abortion course differed from the polyploid pear whose abortion was resulted with irregular chromosomes pairing at reduction division stage.The disintegration of single nucleus pollen in Xinli No.7was correlated with the enlargement and liquidization of tapetum cell and was resulted of tapetum metabolic disorder.The kind of abortion was considered as cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS).

关 键 词：梨 新梨7与品种 雄性不育 解剖 小孢子囊 雄配子 花粉败育 

分 类 号：S661.201[农业科学—果树学]