黑土钾素分布状态与大豆钾肥效应的研究  

ABILITY OF BLACK SOIL SUPPLYUING POTASSIUN AND EFFECT OF POTASIC FERTILIZER ON SOYBEAN

作　　者：韩晓增[1] 王守宇[1] 刘晓洁[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家大豆工程技术研究中心,150086

出　　处：《大豆科学》2002年第1期36-42,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：中国科学院创新工程重大项目 (KZCXI一CA)的一部分

摘　　要：在南北狭长的黑土分布区内 ,分别在南北中三地的高中低肥力采土样 9个 ,在实验室分析和集中于哈尔滨连续三年进行盆栽和部分田间试验 ,试验结果表明 :黑土区土壤钾素较其他土类含量丰富 ,不同肥力不同地点土壤速效钾含量为 12 1～ 2 12mg·kg- 1土 ;缓效钾含量为 6 5 6～ 12 5 6mg·kg- 1土 ,均在中高水平以上。在正常生产条件下 ,黑土农田完全能满足大豆生产所必需的钾 ,施钾没有增产效果。在特殊条件下 ,钾有增产作用。在干旱条件下 ,钾有增产作用 ,平均增产 15 .6 %。在大豆重迎茬病虫害加重的条件下 ,施钾有显著增产作用 ,迎茬增产 10 .5 %～ 2 2 .6 % ,重茬条件下施钾 ,增产幅度为 11.6 %～ 2 3.8%。为了追求大豆高产而单独增加氮磷施量 ,没有增产效果 ,在增加氮磷施量同时施钾 ,可增产 8.6 %。The black land is distributed in a narrow area from south to north in northeast of China nine soil samples with high, middle and low fertility were collected in the field of south, north and middle area. These samples were analyzed in laboratory, and pot experiment was performed mainly in Harbin. The results showed that Black soil has high potential of providing kalium, the concentration of available kalium in the soil was 121-212mg·kg - 1 in different fertility soils and different place ; the slowly available kalium was 656-1256 mg·kg - 1, all of which are of middle or high level. The content of kalium is sufficient for soybean growth under normal production conditions and there no effect on increasing yield. Under drought condition, the kalium increased yield by 15.6%. Under the condition of serious plant diseases and insect pests, the kalium increased the yield by 10.5%-22.6% under soybean following other crops and by 11.6% -23.8% under continuous cropping. Increasing the N and P application singly for high yield, there would be no increasing effect in yield. But if the N, P and K were increased at the same time, the yield would be increased by 8.6%.

关 键 词：黑土 钾素分布 大豆 钾肥 肥效 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]