复合垂直流构建湿地净化污水机制研究 Ⅰ微生物类群和基质酶  

MECHANISMS OF INTEGRATED VERTICAL CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TREATING WASTEWATER——MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SUBSTRATE ENZYMATIC STUDIES

作　　者：吴振斌[1] 梁威[1] 成水平[1] 周巧红[1] 邓家齐[1] 詹发萃[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态和生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2002年第2期179-183,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目 (批准号 3992 5 0 0 7);欧盟国际合作项目 (ERBIC18CT96 0 0 5 9)

摘　　要：构建湿地是 2 0世纪 70年代才蓬勃兴起的一种处理污水的方式 ,由于其造价和运行费用低 ,净化效果稳定 ,越来越引起各国的兴趣和高度重视。现已广泛应用于城市生活污水、工业污水和农业污水的控制 ,有着十分广阔的应用前景。虽然关于构建湿地净化污水的研究已有不少报道 ,但关于湿地基质中的微生物类群和基质酶在污水净化中的作用仍不清楚。通过对生长在复合垂直流构建湿地和天然环境条件下菰和石菖蒲根区微生物类群数量及其根区基质酶活性的测定发现 :同种植物在复合垂直流构建湿地根区微生物的数量比天然条件下的要高 ,特别是硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量 ,最高可达 3个数量级以上 ;同时复合垂直流构建湿地中不同植物根区的酶活性有较大差别 ,这为研究复合垂直流构建湿地净化污水的机理和以酶活性强弱作为净化效果的评价指标提供了科学资料 。Constructed wetland systems are increasingly used to treat domestic sewage,industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff in recent decades.This wetland treatment process has been gaining international interests and applications due to its low maintenance and operational cost,and high removal capacity for water pollution control.Constructed Wetland is a very potential wastewater treatment technology in developing countries.While quite a lot of studies have been reported on the mechanisms of constructed wetlands treating wastewater,there remains a lack of information on the relation between the soil enzyme,number of microorganisms and actual treatment situation where constructed wetlands are being used for wastewater purification.Microorganisms and enzymatic activities are very important factors in wasterwater treatment.The number of microorganisms, together with enzymatic activity, in the integrated vertical constructed wetland and natural environment were measured, the results are as follows: the number of microorganisms in the constructed wetland was higher than that in natural environment, especially the number of nitrobacteria and denitrobacteria. Enzymatic activities of the root-zones in different plants were different, even enzymatic activities in different layers were also different. It opened a new approach for investigating the mechanisms of constructed wetland treating wastewater and utilizing soil enzymatic activities as an assessment index of purification.

关 键 词：复合垂直流构建湿地 污水净化 微生物类群 基质酶 活性 评价指标 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52