中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策  

Situation of Sand-dust Storms and Countermeasures in North China

作　　者：王涛[1] 陈广庭[1] 钱正安[1] 杨根生[1] 屈建军[1] 李栋梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2001年第4期322-327,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：<国家重点基础研究发展规划>"中国北方沙漠化过程及其防治研究"项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 487)资助

摘　　要：中国北方主要包括 :甘肃河西走廊及内蒙阿拉善盟 ;新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区 ;内蒙阴山北坡及浑善达克沙地毗邻地区和蒙陕宁长城沿线四个主要沙尘暴中心和源区。我国沙尘暴从 2 0世纪 5 0年代以来呈波动减少之势 ,90年代在减少中有回升 ,2 0 0 0年和 2 0 0 1年更是急剧增加 ,预示着新一轮沙尘暴活跃期已经开始。生态环境恶化和气象条件的变化是我国北方沙尘暴增多的原因。目前人类控制天气的能力还很有限 ,减缓沙尘暴灾害频度与强度的关键在于搞好地面的生态保护与建设。坚持“预防为主、保护优先、防治并重”的生态保护与建设方针 ;建立和完善生态保护的法规和政策体系 ,停止导致生态环境继续恶化的一切生产活动 ,对于超出生态承载能力的地区可以采取一定的生态移民措施。There are four sand-dust storm center and origin regions in North China: (1) Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province and Alxa League in Inner Mongolia; (2) Taklimakan Desert and it's surroundings in south of Xinjiang Autonomous Region; (3) North slope of Yingsan Mountain in Inner Mongolia and Otingdag Sandy Land and it's nearby regions; (4) along the Great Wall in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In 20th century, the occurrence of dust storm has decreasing tendency with fluctuation since 1950s and little increase in 1990s. In 2000 and 2001 it increased greatly and the time is predicted as the begin of new-round dust storm period. The deterioration of ecological environment and variations of meteorological conditions are the reasons to cause increasing of dust storm. At present, human being have limit ability to control weather, and the key to reduce the frequency and intensity of dust storm is to protect and reconstruct ecological environment; to persist the ecological protection and construction policy of prevention as major, protection as priority, prevention and controlling as same important; to construct and complete law regulation and policy system; to stop any productive action causing severe deterioration of ecological environment; and to take certain ecological emigrating measures for overloading ecological bearing ability region.

关 键 词：中国北方 沙尘暴 发展趋势 生态环境 甘肃 土壤风蚀 内蒙 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]