试论干旱区河流在沙漠地貌发育中的作用——以塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河流域为例  

Preliminary Study on the Role of River Wriggling in the Evolution of Aeolian Landforms in Arid Region──Taking Hotan River as an Example

作　　者：靳鹤龄[1] 董光荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2001年第4期367-373,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划--中国北方沙漠化过程及其防治研究项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4870 0 ) ;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所"知识创新"项目 ( 2 10 0 70 ) ;中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站开放基金 ( 2 0 0 0 2 5 )资助

摘　　要：和田河是典型的干旱荒漠河流 ,也是塔里木盆地惟一南北向横贯塔克拉玛干沙漠的河流 ,流域的第四纪沉积以风成相与河流相冲洪物为主 ,其厚度达到 2 5 0m以上 ,据其沉积特征推断时代为中更新世。 18kaBP以来麻扎塔格山下 6 0km处河流向东摆动了 3次 ,形成了三道古砂堤 ,造成河流摆动的原因是新构造运动、强烈的风沙活动和河流季节变化。河流及其摆动对沙漠及沙漠地貌影响主要表现在两方面 :一是给沙漠及其风沙地貌发育提供丰富的碎屑物质 ;二是控制风沙地貌发育的活动性 ,并抑制了风沙地貌向高大复合沙山发育的速度。Hotian river located in southern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang is the only typical arid desert river which traverses horizontally Taklimakan desert from south to north. This article has discussed its depositional characteristics and the role of river wriggling in the evolution of aeolian landforms in Taklimakan Desert. The results show that the Quaternary dominant sediments is aeolian deposition and alluvium-diluvium and its thickness exceeds 250 m, whose ages belong to middle Pleistocene. The sediment's distributing character is that aeolian sand, alluvial-diluvial sand, alluvial-diluvial silt and alluvial-diluvial clay interlace and the boundary is random in space and alternating in vertical stratum. The character doesn't possess significance of reflecting climatic changes, but reflects the river's evolution. The reason causing river wriggling is neotectonic movement, climatic aridness, aeolian sand shift and seasonal changes of river runoff. The river has been transporting the fragment from mountains around Tarim Basin, and supplying large numbers of material for the evolution of aeolian landforms. At the same time, it leveled aeolian landforms to the ground and urged re-development of aeolian landforms.

关 键 词：地层沉积特征 河流摆动 塔克拉玛干沙漠 田河流域 沙漠地貌 沉积特征 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]