火山活动与石油、天然气的生成  被引量:34

On Volcanic Activity and Generation of Hydrocarbons.

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作  者:郭占谦[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国石油大庆油田子公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出  处:《新疆石油地质》2002年第1期5-10,共6页Xinjiang Petroleum Geology

摘  要:火山活动形成火山岩体和侵入岩体对沉积层形成了热源灶体,依火山岩体和侵入岩体与生油层的层序关系可分为上灶、中灶和下灶,形成灶体生烃模式。火山活动向沉积盆地供给了地球深部来源的CO、CO2和H2等地球深部无机成因的非烃气体,它们可以合成烃,使沉积盆地的沉积盖层出现合成生烃机制。来自地球深部的无机成因的天然气中还有甲烷碳同位素≥-25‰、甲烷同系物碳同位素组成成反序排列的无机烷烃气并在松辽盆地形成了无机烷烃气藏;火山活动为沉积盆地送来了岩浆岩,其中的地幔岩中见有烷、烯、炔等烃类物质;岩浆岩中的结晶岩含有烷烃类物质,且有随密度增加含烃量增加的趋势;岩浆岩中的火山岩也含有烷烃物质,也有随密度增加含烃量增长的趋势,同时还有随密度增加烃类物质的碳原子数也有增加的趋势。火山活动还向沉积盆地供给热液流体,以水为载体的某些金属元素,如Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pd等促进了烃类物质的生成量,使具有二元结构的沉积盖层盆地出现了催化生烃模式。总之,火山活动对沉积盖层呈二元结构的盆地的油气生成增加多种模式,使二元结构盆地存在有机生油机制、合成生油机制,同时也存在无机生烃机制。The volcanic body and intrusive rock body shaped by volcanic activity can form thermal source kitchen bodies into depositional rocks.In terms of sequence relations between volcanic body or intrusive body and source rocks,it can be divided into upper,middle and lower kitchens,which become a kitchen-like hydrocarbons generating model.So it is the volcanic activities that offer the earth's deep inorganic origin non-hydrocarbons gases(CO,CO 2 ,H 2 ,etc.)into sedimentary basins.The gases may compound-generated mechanism occurring in the cap rocks of the basin.In addi-tion,the inorganic gases from the deep of the earth contain methane carbon isotope of≥-25‰,methane homolog car-bon isotope composition could generate re-successional arrangement of inorganic methane gas followed by shaping in-organic methane gas reservoir.The volcanic activity conveys magmatic rock for a sedimentary basin,in which the hy-drocarbon material such as methane,alkene,alkyne,etc.occurs in mantle rock,while crystalline rock in magmatic rock contains methane material,and exist the trend that the hydrocarbon content increase s with the gravity increasing,so is volcanic rocks in magnetic rock,including carbon atomicity increasing.By volcanic activities,a sedimentary basin may also get hydrothermal fluid,some metal elements(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Pd)carried by water may accelerate the amounts of hydrocarbons generation.Therefore,it is indicated that the sedimentary basin with two-component cap structure appears a catalytic hydrocarbon generation model.The conclusion shows that the effect of a volcanic activity on a basin with two-component cap structure could increase or accelerate its hydrocarbon generation.The multiple models give rise to mechanisms of organic,synthetic and inorganic hydrocarbon generation in basins with two-component cap structures.

关 键 词:火山作用 沉积盆地 有机质演化 生烃模式 有机成因 无机成因 石油 天然气 

分 类 号:P618.130.2[天文地球—矿床学] TE12[天文地球—地质学]

 

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