中国大蒜种质资源离体保存初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on In vitro Conservation of the Garlic Germplasm Resources in China

作　　者：徐培文[1] 曲士松[1] 刘恒英[1] 张杰[1] 孙晋斌[1] 黄宝勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2002年第3期314-319,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山东省农科院瑞士科技发展部 (SDC);亚洲蔬菜研究与发展区域中心 (ARC AVRDC)合作项目

摘　　要：供试材料为 88份采自全国 16个省、市、自治区的大蒜品种和品系 ,采用茎尖、花端组织培养、微型鳞茎诱导、包衣、酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等技术和方法 ,研究了影响大蒜种质资源离体培养、长期保存的因素 ,试管苗和包衣微型鳞茎的保存技术及效果 ,保存材料的健康状况和遗传稳定性。结果表明 ,大蒜基因型、培养基成分、光照及温度均影响大蒜种质资源的离体培养和保存周期。明确了大蒜无病种质资源离体保存 1年以上的最佳条件 ,使大蒜品种离体培养试管苗保存期达 2 5个月 ,成活率为 10 0 % ,微型鳞茎保存周期 2 0个月 ,成活率 89.1% ,保存种质带毒率降为 0 .12 %～ 0 .2 0 % ,遗传性稳定。已离体保存了 88份大蒜无病毒种质资源 。Eighty eight garlic cultivars and lines were collected from 16 Provinces of China used in the experiments. In vitro cultured shoots and micro bulbs of the garlic cultivars and lines used obtained by stem tip or flora tip meristem culture and random amplify polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and the enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) were used for the testing of genetic stability and virus infections. The experiments were conducted from 1996 to 1999. Results showed that the garlic genotypes, components of the culture medium, light and temperature affected the shoot regeneration and duration of the in vitro conservation. The optimum conditions of in vitro conservation of the virus free garlic germplasm for more than 1 year were made clear and a technique for practical use in garlic in vitro conservation was obtained. By using the technique, duration for in vitro shoots storage was 25 months at a survival rate of 100% and for coated micro bulbs, was 20 months at a survival rate of 89.1%. The in vitro stored materials were observed and examined as genetically stable and only 0.12%～0.20% of them was infected by the virus diseases. 88 of garlic cultivars and lines are stored in vitro and a virus free in vitro garlic gene bank is in construction.

关 键 词：大蒜 离体保存 微型鳞茎 包衣 种质资源 中国 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学] S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]