几种缓释尿基复合肥氮素释放的动力学研究  

Study on kinetics of nitrogen release in some ureabased slow release compound fertilizer

作　　者：王正银[1] 徐卫红[1] 张浩[1] 叶学见[1] 李会合[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《磷肥与复肥》2002年第2期13-18,共6页Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

基　　金：重庆市科委资助项目的部分内容

摘　　要：采用 2种恒温 (2 5℃ ,37℃ )培养试验研究了 4种化学物质 (B1 、B2 、HQ和 DCD)对尿素氮释放的缓效作用和用该化学物质研制 5种缓释尿基复合肥氮释放的动力学效应及其对土壤无机氮的影响。结果表明 ,中、高浓度B1 、B2 对土壤脲酶的抑制作用优于 HQ ,可作为高效无残毒的理想脲酶抑制剂 ;2 5℃下培养 14天 ,3种化学物质 (B1 、B2 、HQ)均明显降低尿素中氮的释放总量、释放速率和平均释放速率。施用缓释尿基复合肥对土壤无机氮含量的影响大 ,含 DCD的缓释复合肥 NH4 + N释放总量高 ,而 NO3- N数量低 ;含硼的 3种缓释尿基复合肥铵释放的动力学与环境温度关系密切 ,在 37℃下 ,铵释放速率大且峰值出现时间早 ;2 5℃时铵释放速率高峰期大大延迟 ,释放绝对量低 ;两种温度下表征铵释放的数学方程 y=a+blogt和 y=a+bt1 /2的 b值 (铵释放速率常数 )可作为衡量 5种缓释尿基复合肥养分释放性能的指标。缓释尿基复合肥对土壤无机氮释放过程的动力学效应能用一级反应动力学方程 Nt=No(1- ekt)极好地描述 ,在 4 2天内 ,土壤 NH4 + N和无机氮释放潜力 (No值 )均以 4种含硼缓释复合肥为低 ,仅为CK的 5 3.5 %～ 6 3.8%Laboratory incubation experiments under different temperature(25℃ and 37℃) were conducted to study the effect of four chemical substances (B\-1, B\-2, HQ and DCD) on the release of ureaN, and kinetics of nitrogen release and effect of soil inorganic nitrogen from the trialmanufactured five ureabased slow release compound fertilizers. The results show that B\-1 and B\-2 can be considered as highly efficient and nonpoisonous urease inhibitors due to their better inhibition than HQ on soil urease at medium and high levels. Three chemical substances(B\-1, B\-2 and HQ) can obviously inhibit the release quantity, rate and average rate of urea-N during the incubation period of 14 days at 25℃. The content of inorganic nitrogen in the tested soil is greatly influenced by ureabased slow release compound fertilizer . The DCDbearing ureabased slow release compound fertilizer increases the total release of ammonium in soil but decreases the content of NO\-3\+--N in soil. Dynamic of ammonium release from three boronbearing ureabased slow release compound fertilizer is closely related to environmental temperature. The maximum rate of ammonium release is high and early appeared at 37℃, and yet the change ofthe maximum rate is just inverse at 25℃. The index of nitrogen release capacity for five ureabased slow release compound fertilizers is described by b values(ammonium release rate constant) in y=a+b log t and y=a+bt \+ 1/2 equations . Dynamic effect of ureabased slow release compound fertilizer on the liberation of soil inorganic nitrogen is described quantitatively by the firstorder reaction dynamic equation i. e. N\-t=N \-0(1-e\+ -kt ). The release potentials ( N \-0 values) of soil NH\-4\++-N and inorganic nitrogen in four boronbearing ureabased slow release compound fertilizer treatments are low and merely accounted for 53.5%～63.8% of the check in 42 days.

关 键 词：缓释尿基复合肥 氮素释放 动力学 化学物质 缓效作用 

分 类 号：TQ444[化学工程—化学肥料工业]