物质动态结构的非弹性散射研究  

RESEARCH OF DYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF MATTER BY INELASTTC SCATTERING

作　　者：杨传铮[1] 姜玉稀[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学理学院物理系,上海200436

出　　处：《物理学进展》2002年第1期27-72,共46页Progress In Physics

摘　　要：在静态结构的基础上 ,考虑原子的振动 ,分子键的振动、转动和振—转运动的结构称为动态结构 ,它是用非弹性散射方法来测定的。本文评述研究动态结构的实验方法 :中子非弹性散射、非弹性X射线散射、核非弹性散射和Raman散射以及红外吸收谱。简单介绍了声子散射理论基础。继后 ,分三节描述了用这些方法来研究动态结构的若干结果。 1 )结晶物质 ,包括晶内、表面和界面、高纯近完整晶体中杂质引起的、多晶中、薄膜和纳米晶体中的点阵动力学研究 ;2 )非晶物质 ,包括非晶固体、高聚合物、生物大分子、准晶和液体的动态结构研究 ;3 )高温超导体的点阵动力学研究。文末给出了小结和最后评论。It is a task to determine the positions of atoms and molecules in unite cell of crystalline matter and arrangement in noncrystalline matter by means of x?ray, neutron and electron scattering methods, which is called static structural research. On the basis of static structure, structural determination of considering atomic vibration and the movements of molecular bonds vibration, rotation and vibration?rotation is called dynamical structure investigation. They are performed by inelastic scattering experimental methods. Those methods include: inelastic neutron and x?ray scattering, nuclear inelastic absorption spectroscopy, Raman scattering, as well as infrared absorption spectroscopy, which have been reviewed in this paper. Theoretical bases of phonon scattering and Raman scattering have been also introduced briefly. Sequentially, some results of their application to research of dynamic structure have been described, separating into three sections. They are: 1. Research of crystal lattice dynamics: lattice dynamics of interior cystal, surface and interface, induced by impurities in high pure and perfect crystals, polycrystalline samples, thin film and nanometer crystals;2.Dynamic structure of nonerystalline matter: noncrystal solids, polymer, biological macromolecules, quasicrystal and propagation modes in the liquids;3.Lattice dynamics of high T\-c superconductors. Finally, summation and concluding remarks have been given.

关 键 词：动态结构 非弹性散射 核非弹性散射 红外谱 结晶物质 点阵动力学 声子散射 非晶物质 高温超导体 

分 类 号：O766[理学—晶体学]