昆明地区冲天柏林地表可燃物特征及火行为研究  

Characteristics of Ground Fuel and Potential Fire Behavior of Cupressus duclouxiana Forest in Kunming

作　　者：陈启良 刘清江[2] 王秋华 叶彪[1] 单保君 韩永涛 李世友 CHEN Qiliang;LIU Qingjiang;WANG Qiuhua;YE Biao;SHAN Baojun;HAN Yongtao;LI Shiyou(Yunnan Natural Center of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China;Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;Faculty of Fire Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control, Kunming 650224, China)

机构地区：[1]云南森林自然中心,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学消防学院,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2018年第5期64-69,共6页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660210)

摘　　要：通过外业调查取样、实验室燃烧测试,观察和测定火行为,研究滇中地区冲天柏人工林的可燃物特征及相应的火行为。结果表明,防火期内冲天柏林的地表可燃物种类单调、结构简单,灌草高度差别不大,形成梯状可燃物有利于火灾的蔓延,地表可燃物绝对含水率为35.07%,易被引燃,载量较大,平均为2.0 kg/m^2。无论上坡火,还是下坡火,可燃物引燃时间都很短,仅为1~5s,但上坡火阴燃时间明显高于下坡火,热辐射强度差距不大;下坡火的最大平均火焰高度、平均火焰温度明显高于上坡火;上坡火蔓延比较均匀,下坡火蔓延差异较明显;潜在的火强度都低于750 kW/m,为低强度火,总体上火行为符合小坡度的燃烧特征:相对稳定,平缓,火蔓延速度慢,火焰高度较小。By field surveying, samples collecting, and laboratory fire modifying, the characteristics of ground fuels and fire behaviors in Cupressusduclouxiana forest in the central region of Yunnan Province were obtained. The results indicated that during the period of forest fire prevention, the ground fuels in Cupressus duclouxiana forest were monotonous in type, simple in structure, with little difference in the height of shrub and grass which formed ladder - shaped fuels beneficial to the spread of fire. The absolute moisture content of ground fuels was 35.07% , which was easy to be ignited, and the fuel load was near 2.0kg/m^2. The ignition time of uphill fire was longer than that of downhill fire but both were very short, which were only 1 to 5 seconds with little difference of thermal radiation intensity. The maximum average flame height and average flame temperature of the downhill fire were obviously higher than that of the uphill fire. The fire spread on the upper slope was uniform and the fire spread on the lower slope was obvious.The potential fire intensity was lower than 750 kW/m, should be classified as low - intensity fire. In a word, the potential fire behavior was acco'rd with burning characteristics of small slope fire : relatively stable and gentle flame, slow fire spreading speed, and small flame height.

关 键 词：地表可燃物 火行为 火焰特征 火强度 蔓延速率 烧损量 冲天柏林 昆明地区 

分 类 号：S791.41[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S762.1[农业科学—林学]