多型号地基微波辐射计亮温准确性比对  

Comparison of Brightness Temperature of Multi-type Ground-based Microwave Radiometers

作　　者：茆佳佳[1] 张雪芬[1] 王志诚 杨荣康[1] 潘旭光 季承荔[1] 郭然[1] Mao Jiajia;Zhang Xuefen;Wang Zhicheng;Yang Rongkang;Pan Xuguang;Ji Chengli;Guo Ran(Meteorological Observation Center of CMA,Beijing100081;Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu610225;Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Sounding,China Meteorological Administration,Chengdu610225;Yantai Meteorological Administration of Shandong Province,Yantai.264000)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]成都信息工程大学,成都610225 [3]中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室,成都610225 [4]山东省烟台市气象局,烟台264000

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2018年第6期724-736,共13页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(2017YFC1501700);中国气象局大气探测重点开放实验室开放课题(KLAS201701);中国气象局气象探测中心青年科技课题(TCQN201708);中国气象局气象探测中心自设项目(TCZS201707)

摘　　要：目前,国内外对于地基微波辐射计的探测能力多从温湿廓线等二级产品级进行考察,其误差包含反演算法和硬件系统两部分的贡献,不易区分。为直接考察硬件系统的观测性能,试验将评估对象前移,直接对一级亮温数据进行比对分析。利用2016年1月-2018年3月中国气象局大气探测试验基地4台地基微波辐射计和业务探空的同址观测数据,以探空数据输入MonoRTM辐射传输模型得到的正演亮温为参考,考察不同天气、不同季节微波辐射计的探测准确性。结果表明:国产与进口设备观测亮温的准确性相当。4台地基微波辐射计实测亮温与模拟亮温相关性较好,相关系数基本超过0.9,均达到0.001显著性水平。晴空条件下,实测亮温较模拟亮温均方根误差平均为2. 08～3. 75 K;德国辐射计亮温偏差最小,各通道平均偏差为1. 08 K,均方根误差平均为2. 08 K。亮温偏差在冬季最小,夏季达到最大。建议提高定标准确度并进行质量控制以确保亮温准确性,谨慎使用降水期间辐射计的观测数据。Ground-based microwave radiometer(MWR)can detect temperature and humidity profiles continuously and steadily,which compensate the shortcoming of the conventional sounding because of the long observation time interval.As a result,it is very helpful to explore the thermal process evolution of mesoscale synoptic system.At present,many types of ground-based MWR are developed at home and abroad. They are of different technical systems and their suitability for wide operational use is much concerned in scientific research institutions and management departments. The error of MWR product includes the contribution of both algorithm and hardware system,which is hard to distinguish.Therefore,to evaluate the observation performance of hardware system of the MWR, the brightness temperature of MWR is directly compared in this experiment.Using observations of4-type radiometers and operational sounding data at the testbed of China Meteorological Adminatration from January2016to March2018,and the simulated brightness temperature based on forward calculation from sounding data of MonoRTM as the reference,the accuracy of radiometers in different weather and seasons is compared and analyzed. Results show that the accuracy of brightness temperature of the domestic radiometer is similar to that of the imported radiometer.The observed brightness temperature of4radiometers are well related with simulated brightness temperature,and correlation coefficients basically are above0.9,reaching a significant level of0.001.Under clear sky conditions,the average of mean square root between the observed and simulated brightness temperature of four radiometers is2.08-3.75K.And the MWR-G shows the smallest errdr of brightness temperature,whose average deviation of each channel is1.08K,and the root square error is2.08K.The brightness temperature errors are minimum in winter and maximum in meanmer.Under precipitation conditions,the effectiveness of the brightness temperature observation of MWRis obviously reduced. Certainly,there are also some errors

关 键 词：微波辐射计 误差分析 探空 亮温 MonoRTM模型 

分 类 号：P407.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]