哺乳动物卵母细胞减数分裂纺锤体装配研究进展  

Progress in Spindle Assembly in Meiosis of Mammalian Oocytes

作　　者：张俊玉 吕珊 王丽丽 雷安民[1] ZHANG Jun-Yu;LV Shan;WANG Li-Li;LEI An-Min(Shaanxi Centre for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学陕西省干细胞工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2018年第12期2150-2159,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31172280)

摘　　要：哺乳动物卵母细胞和早期胚胎发育过程中,染色体错误分离导致胚胎非整倍性并致使妊娠终止。在有丝分裂中,中心体作为主要的微管组织中心(microtubule organizing centers, MTOCs)来起始微管的成核及纺锤体的两极化。而哺乳动物卵母细胞在进行减数分裂之前中心体被降解,纺锤体的装配需要替补途径(包括RanGTP途径, Augmin, CPC途径, a MTOC途径等)来起始微管的成核及后续的组装过程。本文综述了在哺乳动物卵母细胞中不依赖于中心体的纺锤体装配及相关过程,讨论不同哺乳动物卵母细胞中纺锤体装配过程的差异及与非整倍体的关系,以期从为哺乳动物非整倍体形成及染色体错误分离机制的研究提供借鉴。Chromosome missegregation in mammalian oocytes and early embryos leads to embryo aneuploidy and early pregnancy loss.In mitotic cells,the microtubules that compose the spindle are mostly nucleated and bipolarized by centrosomes acting as major microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs).However, mammalian oocytes remove their centrosomes for reasons that are still speculative.Spindle assembly needs suppletive pathways (including RanGTP pathway,Augmin pathway and CPC pathway).This paper illuminated the centrosome-independent spindle assembly and related processes in mammalian oocytes,and discussed the differences in spindle assembly and the relationship between spindle assembly and aneuploidy in different mammalian oocytes.This paper provides reference for the mechanism of mammalian aneuploid formation and chromosome aberration.

关 键 词：减数分裂 纺锤体装配 动粒-微管附着 无中心体 

分 类 号：S814.8[农业科学—畜牧学]