中国古代沙质荒漠化的历史演变  

Historical evolution of sandy desertification in ancient China

作　　者：张连伟[1] 郎洁 李莉[1] ZHANG Lian-wei;LANG Jie;LI Li(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University ,Beijing100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2018年第6期1270-1277,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2015ZCQ-RW-02);科技部科技基础性工作专项"中国森林典籍志书资料整编研究"(2014FY120500)

摘　　要：荒漠化是全球性的环境问题,威胁到人类的生存和发展,中国是受荒漠化严重危害的国家之一。依据历史文献的记载和现代学者研究成果,分秦汉魏晋南北朝时期、隋唐宋元时期和明清时期三个历史阶段,梳理了中国沙质荒漠化的演变过程。研究表明:秦汉魏晋南北朝时期,中国沙质荒漠化主要集中在西北地区,如鄂尔多斯高原、河西走廊和新疆地区;隋唐宋元时期,荒漠化扩展到东北地区,如呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地等;明清时期,政府通过修筑长城和封禁政策,客观上抑制了边疆地区的垦殖开荒,但在人口压力下,明朝后期和清朝后期北部边疆的农垦快速发展,加速了鄂尔多斯高原、科尔沁沙地等地区的荒漠化进程。因此,数千年来的气候变化和人类活动,特别是滥垦、滥牧、滥樵采等不合理土地利用方式,致使我国北方干旱和半干旱区的荒漠化日趋严重。Desertification is a global problem that threatens the survival and development of human being.China is seriously impacted by desertification.Based on the records of historical literature and the research results of modem scholars ,this paper sorts out the evolution process of China's sandy desertification in three historical periods, namely,the 1st period from Qin and Han Dynasties to the Wei Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,the 2^nd period from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and the 3^rd period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.The research shows that the coverage rate of China's desert was not more than 10% before four millennia, especially in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period (770BC -221BC),the climate was warm and humid,and the ecological environment in most parts of North China was in balance.During the 1st period,due to the increase of the population in the northwest of China,the large-scale reclamation and wood cutting,the natural ecological environment had been destroyed,resulting in the decrease of the surface vegetation and the desertification of the soil.Therefore,in this period sandy desertification China,such as Ordos Plateau,Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang tended to the northeast of China,such as Hulunbuir in China was mainly concentrated in the western region region. During the 2^nd period,sandy desertification was ex: Sandy Land,Horqin Sandy Land and so on.Meanwhile,the government vigorously developed Hexi and western regions in the early Tang Dynasty,and the ancient cities of the southern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang were abandoned or deserted along with the time.At the same time,the desertification in the northern Ordos Plateau was becoming more and more serious,and the Mu Us Sandy Land and the Hobq Desert were gradually formed.During the 3^rd period,through building the Great Wall and prohibition policy by the government,the wasteland reclamation of border area was controlled.However,under the population pressure,agricultural reclamation in northern fr

关 键 词：中国古代 沙质荒漠化 河西走廊 鄂尔多斯高原 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]