职业危害监测与职业中毒处置关键技术指标的遴选  

Selecting indicators of key techniques for surveillance of occupational hazards and response to occupational poisonings

作　　者：章宝丹 朱茜如 杨磊[1] 马海燕[1] 吴茵茵[1] 洪玉[1] 张龙[1] 许亮文[1] ZHANG Bao-dan;ZHU Qian-ru;YANG Lei;MA Hai-yan;WU Yin-yin;HONG Yu;ZHANG Long;XU Liang-wen(School of Medicine,Hangzhou Normal University/Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310036,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学医学院浙江省重点科技创新团队

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2018年第11期1040-1045,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：浙江省重点科技创新团队计划(编号:2011R50021)

摘　　要：[目的]从公共卫生角度,遴选出职业危害监测与职业中毒处置中的关键技术指标,为职业危害监测相关部门有效提高监测与现场处置的能力与效果提供依据。[方法]通过德尔菲专家咨询和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)遴选出排名前十的技术指标,即为关键技术指标。通过基层疾控中心调查问卷进行关键技术的实证研究,比较TOPSIS法与实证调查结果。[结果]专家的积极系数为86.7%(26/30),分别有92.3%(24/30)、88.5%(23/30)的专家参与过公共卫生监测工作和现场处置工作。专家权威系数的平均值为0.796。专家对所有指标重要性、迫切性的协调系数分别为0.830、0.802。TOPSIS法遴选出的关键技术与实证调查结果一致的技术有9项,分别为个人防护、现场快速检测与监测技术、数据采集标准化、网络直报、数据安全与保密、公共卫生干预效果评价、样本前处理、舆情采集技术和健康教育,Kappa=0.822。[结论]本研究所遴选的职业危害监测与职业中毒处置关键技术的基层认可度较高,亟待重点优先发展与完善。[Objective ]From the perspective of public health,to select the indicators of key techniques for surveillance of occupational hazards and response to occupational poisonings,and provide a basis to effectively improve the ability and results of surveillance and on-site response of departments in charge of surveillance of occupational hazards. [Methods ]Delphi method and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)were used to select top 10 indicators of key techniques.An empirical survey by questionnaire was conducted in community-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDC).The results of TOPSIS and the empirical study were compared. [Results ]The positive coefficient of experts was 86.7%(26/30),and there were 92.3%(24/30)and 88.5%(23/30)of the experts participated in public health monitoring and on-site response,respectively.The average authority coefficient of experts was 0.796. The coordination coefficients of importance and urgency of all indicators were 0.830 and 0.802,respectively.Nine indicators of key techniques were coincident between the results of TOPSIS and the empirical survey,which were personal protection,field rapid detection and monitoring technology,data collection standardization,network direct reporting,data security and confidentiality, public health intervention effect evaluation,sample pretreatment,public opinion collection technology,and health education,with a Kappa value of 0.822. [Conclusion ]The selected indicators of key techniques for surveillance of occupational hazards and response to occupational poisonings are highly agreed by professionals from community-level institutions,and should be prioritized for development and improvement.

关 键 词：职业危害 职业中毒 关键技术 监测 现场处置 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]