论美国“多族化”与族群政治的互动  

Multi-ethnicity and Interaction of Ethnic Politics in USA

作　　者：张飞[1] Zhang Fei

机构地区：[1]云南大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《国际观察》2018年第6期62-85,共24页International Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“少数民族对中国共产党的认同建设研究”(项目编号:17BZZ021)的资助

摘　　要：美国的"多族化"是指美利坚民族内部形成了多个族类群体,并时常伴有族群中心主义或族群民族主义等族群性构建和复苏的现象。进入20世纪下半叶以后,随着族源多样性移民的空前增加和"聚众成族"现象的日益普遍,美国"多族化"现象空前扩展、"多族化"诉求日益高涨,造就了美国族群政治的新特征与新趋势。在美国等西方国家萌芽、兴起的多元主义族群政治,初衷是为了回应日益增长的"多族化"权利诉求、调控"多族化"问题,但是在现实中却与美国的"多族化"交互结合,加剧了美国"多族化"现象的广泛化和固化,对美国的国族认同和国家整合产生了始料未及的影响和后果。基于美国"多族化"带来的种种困扰和隐忧,从理论和政策两个维度关注美国族群政治的得失和走向,有益于民族国家,尤其是多族群发展中国家理性创建和正确选择符合"本土化"的族际政治整合模式,有效调控和治理"多族化"问题,实现民族国家的国族整合。The American "Multi-ethnicity"refers to the formation of multiple ethnic groups within the American.nation,often accompanied by ethnicity construction and recovery such as ethno-centralism and ethnic nationalism.After entering the second half of the 20th century,with the unprecedented inflow of immigrants of various ethnic origins and the increasing prevalence of the phenomenon of "gathering people into ethnic groups",the American multi-ethnicity and its demand expanded unprecedentedly,eventually leading to new characteristics and new trends of American ethnic politics.The sprouting and rising of ethnic politics in the United States and other western countries was intended to respond to the growing demand for multi-ethnic rights and to regulate the multi-ethnic problems. However,these pluralistic ethnic political theories and policies interact with the real politics of American multi-ethnicity,contributing to the widespread and solidification of the phenomenon of American multi-ethnicity,and leaving unexpected effects and consequences on the national identity and national integration of the United States. Based on an analysis on the troubles and hidden worries brought about by the multi-ethnicity in the United States,this paper aims to understand the gains,losses and trends of American ethnic politics from both the theoretical and policy dimensions.

关 键 词：美国研究 民族国家 “多族化” 族群政治 治理 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]