我国铁矿安全保障的思考及建议  

Thinking and Suggestion on the Security of Iron Mine in China

作　　者：王嫱[1] 陈甲斌[1] 余韵[1] WANG Qiang;CHEN Jiabin;YU Yun(Chinese Academy of Land and Resource Economies,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国土资源经济研究院,北京101149

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2018年第11期119-124,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(DD20160091)

摘　　要：全球铁矿资源主要集中分布在澳大利亚、巴西、俄罗斯、中国和印度等国,铁矿生产集中度高,全球形成了四大矿山的垄断格局。我国铁矿资源总量丰富,但禀赋先天不足,近年来受铁矿价格下降影响,铁矿原矿产量持续下滑。我国铁矿需求已步入峰值平台期,铁矿消费增长速度放缓,但需求仍然维持在高位。目前影响我国铁矿资源安全的主要因素是四大矿山持续扩产对我国铁矿企业形成冲击,及我国的铁矿石需求对外依存度屡创新高。为此建议:在立足国内资源的基础上,抓住国外资金链紧张的时机,加强海外铁矿并购;出台相关政策为国内铁矿企业减负,提高企业国际竞争力;提高废钢炼钢工艺,增强和完善废钢的回收、利用体系;继续推进钢铁行业去产能和转型升级。The global iron ore resources centrally distributes in Australia,Brazil,Russia,China and India.The high concentration of iron production causes the global monopoly state of four major mines.China has rich iron resources,but it has inherent shortage on natural endowment.In recent years,due to the decline of iron ore price,the output of iron ore has decreased continually.The domestic demand for iron ore has reached the peak and will keep such state.Although the iron ore consumption grows slowly,the demand is still high.At present,the continuous expansion of four major mines and the 'high dependence on external supply bring serious threat on the security of iron resources in China.Therefore,the following Countermeasures are put forward.At the point of funs shortage appearing in foreign enterprises,we should enhance the takeover in overseas iron ore.Some favorable polices can be introduced to ease the burden of domestic iron ore enterprises and promote their international competitiveness.The technology of steelmaking on steel scrap needs to be improved to strengthen the recycling and utilization system of scrap steel.The reduction on capacity and upgrading of steel industry should be carried out persistently.

关 键 词：铁矿 资源保障 资源需求 对策建议 

分 类 号：TD861.1[矿业工程—金属矿开采] F47[矿业工程—矿山开采]