历史生态环境研究的关键议题:以上海近代生态环境史为例  

Key Issues in the Study of Historical Ecological Environment: Taking Shanghai's Modern Ecological and Environmental History as an Example

作　　者：沈清基[1] SHEN Qingji

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院、高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2018年第6期45-53,共9页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“上海近代城市生态环境史研究(1843-1949):时空演变,模式识别与机理表征”(51778435)资助;上海市2017年度“科技创新行动计划”课题“超大城市韧性的理论体系与提升技术”(17DZ1203200)资助;国家社会科学基金重点项目“气候适应性城市风险管理评估与治理对策研究”(17AZD011)资助

摘　　要："历史生态环境"对当今与未来生态环境的演变具有特殊作用。提出了历史生态环境研究的三种方法,包括:多维数据时-空集成分析法,"分-叠-统"分析法以及"辨特"-"因果"分析法;构建了历史生态环境数据库的基本框架;提出了历史生态环境研究的技术路线。研究认为,历史生态环境研究的关键议题包括演变过程、演变模式和演变机理三个方面,其中,演变过程研究包括演变肇因、演变速度和演变方向三个层面;演变模式研究包括时空分异、功能变迁、景观格局三个范畴;演变机理研究包括驱动机理、关系机理和耦合机理三个视角。基于过程、模式和机理三个方面的研究可对历史生态环境有一个较为完整的认知,可为生态环境的改善规划和政策制定等提供历史维度的参考和支撑。Historical ecological environment plays a special role in the evolution of present and future ecological environment.Three methods of studying historical ecological environment are put forward,including multidimensional data timespace integration analysis,"split-stack-system"analysis and "special"-"causality" analysis.The basic frame of historical ecological environment database is constructed,and the technical route of historical ecological environment research is put forward.The author holds that the key issues in the study of historical ecological environment include three aspects:evolution process,evolution mode/and evolution mechanism.The evolution process is defined by the causes of evolution, the pace of evolution and the direction of evolution;the evolution model is defreed by temporal and spatial differentiation,functional change and landscape pattem;the evolution mechanism is defined by driving mechanism,relation mechanism and coupling mechanism.Based on the study of process,model and mechanism a relatively complete understanding of the historical ecological environment is obtained and research findings can provide reference and support for ecological environment planning and policy making.

关 键 词：历史生态环境 方法 技术路线 关键议题 上海近代生态环境史 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]