成组生物毒性测试法在水质生物安全性评价中的应用  

Biological safety evaluation of water quality based on the biological toxicity test battery

作　　者：丛佳 张肖 赵乐军[3] 金星龙[1] CONG Jia;ZHANG Xiao;ZHAO Le-jun;JIN ling-long(School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute,Tianjin 300392,China;Heilongjiang Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.Harbin Cigarette Factory,Heilongjiang 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384 [2]黑龙江烟草工业有限责任公司哈尔滨卷烟厂,黑龙江150028 [3]天津市市政工程设计研究院,天津300392

出　　处：《天津理工大学学报》2018年第6期59-64,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Technology

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(11ZCKFSF01200);天津市技术创新引导专项(16YDLJSF00030)

摘　　要：近年来水体污染日益加剧,水质安全受到了人们的严重关注.相比传统水质检测指标,生物毒性测试利用受试物某些特定指标的变化,更直观地反映污染物对生态环境和人类健康造成的潜在性影响.不同生物对有毒污染物具有不同的致毒机理和反应敏感度,将多种生物毒性测试组合应用,发展成组生物毒性测试方法,完整地反映水体中所有共存污染物的综合生物毒性特征,更有效地评价水体的生物安全性.本文基于成组生物毒性测试法总结了无脊椎动物、藻类和细菌等受试生物,对比分析了由不同急性毒性试验、慢性毒性试验、致畸致突变试验等组成的测试方法,综述了潜在生物毒性效应指数法、毒性单位分级评价法、水质安全分级法和综合生物标志物响应指数法等评价方法及其在不同水体中的应用研究进展,为成组生物毒性测试法在水质生物安全性评价中的应用提供基础信息.During last past years,water pollution was increasingly deterioted.So far,much attention has been paid to the water quality safety.The biological toxicity tests have become a promising means for the water quality monitoring,since it can intuitively reflect the potential influence of pollutants on ecological environment and human health through the biological toxicity index.Different organisms have different toxic mechanism and responding sensitivity for toxic pollutants.Developing biological toxicity test battery can effectively reflect the integrated biological toxicity of all pollutants and evaluate the ecological risk and environmental health effect.The testing organisms such as invertebrates,algae and bacteria were summarized;the testing methods such as acute and chronic toxicity test,teratogenic and mutagenicity test were comparative analyzed;the evaluation methods and their application in different water bodies such as Potential Ecotoxic Effects Probe,Toxicity Unit Classification System,Water Quality Safety Classification Evaluation and Integrated Biological Responses Method were summarized.This work provides the foundation for the application of biological toxicity test battery in water quality biological safety evaluation.

关 键 词：生物毒性测试 水质 生物安全性评价 营养级 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]