超声波遥测在中华绒螯蟹产卵场研究中的应用  

The application of ultrasonic telemetry in the study of spawning ground of Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：耿智 冯广朋 赵峰 张涛 杨刚 庄平 GENG Zhi;FENG Guang-peng;ZHAO Feng;ZHANG Tao;YANG Gang;ZHUANG Ping(Key Laboratory-of Fisheries Ecology of the Yangtze Estuary,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,长江口渔业生态重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第12期3795-3801,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所级基本科研业务费(2016M05);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203065)共同资助.

摘　　要：利用一种超声波标志的体外固定方法,采用超声波遥测法,分析了抱卵中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在产卵场附近水域的水平和垂直活动规律。结果表明:超声波标志的体外固定对中华绒螯蟹死亡率无显著影响(P<0.05);移动追踪系统对超声波标志的最大追踪距离为532±16 m;2014年12月共放流14只超声波标志的抱卵中华绒螯蟹,12月下旬至翌年5月上旬10次追踪分别追踪到10、12、13、9、9、9、9、6、4、2只标志蟹;标志蟹主要分布在深水航道的南北两侧的堤坝附近水域,1月标志蟹出现在中游区域的频次显著大于下游区域(P<0.05),随后呈逐步东移的趋势,4月出现在下游区域的频次显著大于中游区域(P<0.05);标志蟹的栖息水深在不同时间之间差异极显著(P<0.01),1月上旬至2月上旬标志蟹逐步由水深8.25±3.35 m的水域移至水深11.10±2.64 m的水域栖息,2月下旬至4月上旬标志蟹偏好水深6.35 m左右的水域,4月下旬标志蟹的栖息水深为9.89±2.59 m。本文成果将为水生动物的生态习性、栖息地定位等研究提供技术支持。Based on an external fixation method of the ultrasonic transmitter,we investigated the horizontal and vertical activities of gravid Eriocheir sinensis by the ultrasonic telemetry.There was no significant effects of external fixation of ultrasonic transmitters on the death rates of mitten crabs (P<0.05).A total of 14tagged mitten crabs being gravid were released in December 2014,and 10,12,13,9,9,9,9,6,4,and 2tagged crabs were tracked from late December 2014to early May 2015,respectively.The tagged crabs were mainly distributed near north and south dams of the deepwater channel,with a trend of moving eastward.The presence frequency of tagged crabs in the midstream of the deepwater channel was greater than that in the downstream in January (P<0.05)and was greater in the downstream than in the midstream in April (P< 0.05).There was significant difference between habitat depth in different months (P<0.01).The tagged crabs migrated from habitats with depth 8.25±3.35m to that with depth 11.10±2.64m from early January to early February,mainly inhabited in the area with depth 6.35m from late February to early April,and inhabited in waters with depth 9.89±2.59m in late April.Our results provide technical support for studying ecological habits and habitat locating of aquatic animals.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 超声波遥测 体外固定法 长江口 产卵场 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]