干热岩地热开发实践及技术可行性研究  

Practice and Technical Feasibility Study of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Development

作　　者：荆铁亚[1,2,3] 赵文韬 郜时旺[1,2] 王金意 张健[1,2] Jing Tieya;Zhao Wentao;Gao Shiwang;Wang Jinyi;Zhang Jian(Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute,Beijing 102209;State Key Laboratory of Coal Based Clean Energy,Beijing 102209)

机构地区：[1]中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司,北京102209 [2]煤基清洁能源国家重点实验室,北京102209 [3]中国地质大学(北京)矿产普查与勘探专业

出　　处：《中外能源》2018年第11期17-22,共6页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：国家重大科技专项“页岩气勘查评价技术试验与应用推广”(编号:2016ZX05034004);中国华能集团科技项目“地热资源评价利用技术与华能开发区域优选”(编号:HNKJ18-H36)

摘　　要：干热岩地热资源潜力大且具有较好的安全环保性,是未来重要的清洁可再生能源。干热岩多为花岗岩体,发育区通常具有较高的大地热流值和良好的盖层条件,地质上主要分布在大地板块碰撞带及其周边区域、断陷盆地、新生代花岗岩体发育区等。由于岩体致密、缺少流体,干热岩需要压裂激发形成增强型地热系统(EGS)才能进行开发。水热型地热发电的成功实践,为干热岩地热开发奠定了良好的基础,而美国、欧洲成功的工程实践,说明了干热岩地热发电的技术可行性。干热岩地热发电涉及到勘查靶区优选、钻探测录井、EGS工程、高效发电/供暖和尾水回灌等勘查开发技术。我国干热岩资源主要分布在青藏地区、东南沿海、沉积盆地等地,尚处于勘查阶段。干热岩勘查选址应采用大地电磁测深法,并辅以人工地震或重力勘探等其他地球物理方法。致密岩体常用水力压裂进行激发并需微地震监测造储效果。开展循环试验时进行THCM耦合模拟,发电方式应采用双工质循环发电。建议我国应尽快制定干热岩勘查开发相关标准及政策,加大技术攻关力度,建立干热岩地热高效利用示范工程。With the characteristics liness,hot dry rock (HDR)is regard of huge geothermal resource potential,good safety and environmental friend as an important clean renewable energy resource in the future.The lithology of HDR is mainly granite.It has high heat flow and favorable cap rock conditions,and distributes in plate collision zone,rifted basins and Cenozoic granites development area.Due to the compact rock mass and the lack of fluid,HDR requires fracturing to form an enhanced geothermal system (EGS)for development.The successful practice of hydrothermal geothermal power generation has laid a good foundation for HDR geothermal development,and the successful engineering practice in the United States and Europe shows the technical feasibility of HDR geothermal power generation.HDR geothermal power generation involves exploration and de- velopment technologies such as exploration target selection,drilling logging,EGS engineering,high-efficiency power generation/heating and exhaust water reinjection.The HDR resources in China are mainly located in the Qinghai -Tibet area,the southeast coast and sedimentary basins,and most are under exploration.The exploration site selection of HDR should adopt MT method,and supplemented by other geophysical methods including artificial earthquake or gravity exploration.The compact rock mass is usually excited by hydraulic fracturing and requires microseismic monitoring for storage effect.When it comes to HDR circulation test,THCM numerical simulation is needed,and organic Rankine cycle mode is used to generate electricity.It is suggested that Chi- na should develop standards and policies on the exploration and development of HDR as soon as possible, push harder to make technical breakthroughs and establish a demonstration project for the high-efficiency utilization of HDR geothermal resources.

关 键 词：干热岩 增强型地热系统 大地热流值 勘查选址 水力压裂 双工质循环发电 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学]