论魏玛德国大联合政府(1928—1930)的终结  

The Road to the End of Parliamentary Democracy: On the Fall of the Great Coalition(1928-1930)

作　　者：孟钟捷[1] MENG Zhongjie

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2018年第4期15-31,125,共18页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"德国魏玛时代的社会政策研究(1918-1933)"(13CSS015)的中期成果

摘　　要：1928—1930年,魏玛德国由米勒内阁执政。它由几个政党联合组成,是魏玛共和国寿命最长的一届政府,也是魏玛议会民主制的最后尝试。这个时期可以概括为"危机前的危机"。内阁各党派之间、各执政党内部矛盾重重,且德国不得不面临赔款问题,经济结构异常虚弱,劳资矛盾日益突出,1929年世界经济危机又雪上加霜。米勒内阁应对危机的举措进退失据,内外交困为反民主势力与激进民族主义者提供了快速生长的土壤,反杨格计划运动为长期边缘化的纳粹党制造了机会。希特勒重建纳粹党,争取民众,扩大影响力。由于失业人数猛增,失业保险金入不敷出。有关失业保险金投保比例的分歧最终断送了米勒内阁,葬送了魏玛民主。The Cabinet of Hermann Mueller (1928-1930)is the last great coalition in Weimar Germany. Although it was the government,in which majority of parties took in and which had longest life in all cabinets in the republic,it was filled with kinds of crises and had to be faced with the Great Depression of the World Economy unfortunately.The whirlwind of dilemmas inside and outside Germany led to the rise of radical nationalism,including Nazis.Eventually,the controversies over the proportion in the system of unemployment insurance broke the will of democratic cooperation in the politic activities and violated the regulation of parliamentary democracy as well as ended the Weimar Democracy itself.

关 键 词：魏玛共和国 米勒内阁 社会民主党 人民党 纳粹党 

分 类 号：D751.6[政治法律—政治学]