埃及现代化进程中的军人干政与政治稳定  

Military Intervention and Political Stability in the Process of Egyptian Modernization

作　　者：詹晋洁[1] ZHAN Jin-jie(School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi 'an710119,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期156-164,共9页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目"阿拉伯国家社会结构的演变及其对社会稳定的影响研究"(12XGJ008)

摘　　要：埃及军人干政事件,从经济学视角看源于埃及国家制度变迁中的"路径依赖",军人在政治资源的原初性分配中成为首要受益者,他们长期利用各种社会资源在政治与经济领域实现收益最大化。纳赛尔至穆巴拉克时期,埃及的文武关系经历了一党专政下的军人政权和总统制下军人与技术官僚共享政治权力这两个时期。军人威权政府曾经维护了埃及的民族独立,有力推动了埃及现代化进程,但军人干政与威权统治潜藏着巨大的制度隐患与政治风险。埃及共和国时代的政治实践表明,确立民主型文武关系是后穆巴拉克时代埃及政治民主化和政治稳定的重要前提,需要从埃及历史与现实出发,通过各方利益群体的和解,努力打破制度变迁过程中军人干政的路径依赖怪圈。From the perspective of economics,the military intervention in Egypt was the result of "Path Dependence"during the transition of the state system. The soldier became the primary beneficiary in the original allocation of political resources. They took advantage of all kinds of social resources,and engaged in activities which would gain maximized revenue in the political and economic fields for a long time. From the Nasser to the Mubarak periods,the civil-military relations in Egypt had experienced two stages: the military power under the one-party dictatorship and the sharing of political power between military and technocrats under the presidential system. The military’s authoritarian government once defended national independence and promoted the modernization process effectively in Egypt. However,under the military intervention and the authoritarian rule lurked enormous institutional hidden trouble and political risks. The political practice in the era of the Republic of Egypt clarified that the establishment of a democratic civil military relations is an important prerequisite for the political democratization and stability in the post-Mubarak era in Egypt. It is necessary to base this on the history and reality of Egypt,and take efforts to break the vicious cycle of path dependence of military intervention during the institutional transition through the reconciliation of interest groups of all parties.

关 键 词：埃及政治现代化进程 军人干政 路径依赖 文武关系 军人政治体制 

分 类 号：K411.5[历史地理—历史学]