云南省剑川县2008—2017年野鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠巢蚤调查  

Rodent nest fleas in plague foci in Jianchuan County, Yunnan, 2008-2017

作　　者：蔡文凤[1] 罗剑龙[2] 苏丽琼[1] 邵宗体[1] 李寿芹 张四祥 CAI Wenfeng;LUO Jianlong;SU Liqiong;SHAO Zongti;LI SHouqin;ZHANG Sixiang(Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Province Disease Prevention and Control Technology of Natural Foci of Key Laboratory,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南大理671000 [2]云南大理州疾病预防控制中心,云南大理671000 [3]剑川县地方病防治站,云南剑川611300

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2018年第12期1236-1238,共3页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的掌握剑川县鼠疫自然疫源地鼠巢蚤的种类及感染鼠疫菌的情况,为制定鼠疫防控措施提供科学依据。方法2008-2017年,在剑川县鼠疫监测过程中,以挖鼠巢的方法采集鼠巢蚤,按形态学方法鉴定鼠巢蚤种类,实验室用细菌培养方法检验鼠巢蚤是否感染鼠疫菌。结果2008-2017年共挖鼠巢1230个,有蚤鼠巢238个,鼠巢平均染蚤率为25.07%,2011年最高,为40.00%。238个有蚤鼠巢共获得鼠巢蚤2科4属4种1561只,平均蚤指数6.55,其中方叶栉眼蚤、棕形额蚤、特新蚤指名亚种、低地狭臀蚤的构成比分别为73.03%、17.23%、5.06%、4.68%,方叶栉眼蚤、棕形额蚤为优势种,特新蚤指名亚种、低地狭臀蚤为常见种。鼠巢蚤鼠疫菌培养结果全部为阴性。结论2008-2017年剑川县野鼠鼠疫疫源地共有4种鼠巢蚤,方叶栉眼蚤、棕形额蚤为优势蚤种,特新蚤指名亚种、低地狭臀蚤为常见种。鼠巢蚤未检出鼠疫菌。鼠巢蚤指数较高,建议开展预防性的灭鼠灭蚤。Objective To understand the species composition and infection rate of fleas collected from rodent nests in plague natural loci of Jianchuan County in Yunnan Province,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention and control strategy.Methods An investigation was carried out in Jianchuan County.The rodent nests were dug out and fleas were collected.The species of fleas were identified based on morphological characteristics.Yersinia pestis was cultured from fleas in laboratory.Results A total of 1230 rodent nests were investigated and 238 of them were flea positive (25.07%)from 2008to 2017,and it was the highest in 2011(40.00%).Totally 1561 fleas were collected,which belonged to 2families,4 genera and 4species,the average flea index was 6.55,including Ctenophthalmus quadrarus (73.03%),Frontopsylla spadix (17.23%),Neopsylla specialis specialis (5.06%),and Stenischia humilis (4.68%).C.quadrarus and F.spadix were predominating species.N.specialis specialis and S.humilis were common species.Y.pestis infection was negative for all fleas. Conclusions There are 4flea species from rodent nests in the plague loci in Jianchuan County from 2008 to 2017.C. quadrarus and F.spadix are predominating species.N.specialis specialis and S.humilis are common species.The Y.pestis infection of fleas is not found.The average flea index is higher.Therefore,it is necessary to control rodents and fleas.

关 键 词：鼠巢 鼠巢蚤 染蚤率 蚤指数 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]